砜吡草唑对红麻田杂草的防控效果及安全性评价  

Weed control efficiency and safety evaluation of pyroxasulfone in kenaf field

作　　者：邬腊梅[1] 伍灿 杨江山 黄佳豪 杨浩娜 WU Lamei;WU Can;YANG Jiangshan;HUANG Jiahao;YANG Haona(Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Changsha Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Changsha 410013,China;College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院湖南省农业生物技术研究所,长沙410125 [2]长沙市农业农村局,长沙410013 [3]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《农药》2024年第12期925-931,936,共8页Agrochemicals

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设(麻类)专项资金(CARS-16-E19);湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ30332,2024JJ1005);杂草生物学与安全防控湖南省重点实验室(2015TP1016);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1400500)。

摘　　要：[目的]为明确砜吡草唑在红麻田应用的可行性,评估该药剂对红麻产量的影响。[方法]采用土壤喷雾法,通过室内生物活性测定和田间试验,测定了砜吡草唑对红麻的安全性和对红麻田杂草的防控效果。[结果]在室内条件下,砜吡草唑对稗草活性高,GR_(50)和GR_(90)分别为20.51、83.52 g a.i./hm^(2)、对反枝苋的GR_(50)和GR_(90)分别为27.05、243.37 g a.i./hm^(2),均高于对照药剂精异丙甲草胺;砜吡草唑主要抑制红麻、稗草和反枝苋的株高和鲜质量,但能促进其幼根伸长,而对照药剂精异丙甲草胺抑制红麻和杂草的株高、根长和鲜质量;对红麻而言,砜吡草唑对稗草和反枝苋的选择性系数分别为3.168和1.087,均高于对照药剂的1.312和0.205,表明砜吡草唑在试验剂量范围内对红麻相对安全。田间试验结果表明:砜吡草唑对信阳、盐城2地红麻株高、茎粗、皮厚、鲜皮产量等指标均表现显著促进作用,不仅信阳红麻的产量高于盐城,且对信阳红麻田杂草的防效(株防效和鲜质量防效均高于85%)优于盐城。[结论]施用砜吡草唑防控红麻田杂草时,要根据不同地区杂草发生种类科学用药,严格控制用量,谨防药害发生。[Aims]In order to clarify the feasibility of the application of pyroxasulfone in kenaf field,and evaluate the impact of this herbicide on the yield of kenaf.[Methods]Soil spray method was used in laboratory bioassay and field trial was carried out to determine the weed control effects of pyroxasulfone and the crops safety in kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)field.[Results]Under laboratory conditions,pyroxasulfone had high activity against barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crusgalli),with GR_(50) and GR_(90) of 20.51 and 83.52 g a.i./ha.The GR_(50) and GR_(90) against amaranth(Amaranthus retroflexus)were 27.05 and 243.37 g a.i./ha,respectively.All of them were higher than that of the S-metolachlor.Pyroxasulfone mainly inhibited the plant height and fresh weight of kenaf,barnyardgrass and amaranth,but promoted the elongation of roots,while S-metolachlor,inhibited plant height,root length and fresh weight of crops and weeds.The selectivity index of pyroxasulfone to barnyardgrass and amaranth were 3.168 and 1.087,which was higher than the value of S-metolachlor(1.312,0.205).This result indicated that it was relatively safe to apply pyroxasulfone in kenaf field.The results of the field trial showed that pyroxasulfone significantly promoted the height,stem diameter,fresh bark thickness and fresh tare yield of kenaf in Xinyang and Yancheng.The yield of kenaf in Xinyang was higher than that in Yancheng,and the weed control efficiency(both the inhibitory rate of weeds plant and weight were higher than 85%)in Xinyang kenaf field was better than that in Yancheng.[Conclusions]It is necessary to scientifically apply pyroxasulfone according to strictly controled dosage and the species of weeds occurring in different areas.

关 键 词：红麻 砜吡草唑 杂草防控效果 安全性 产量 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]