中国特色生态环境法典编纂的理想图景、实践难题与路径优化  

Ideal Scenario,Practical Difficulties and Path Optimization for Compilation of the Environmental Code with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：熊超[1] Xiong Chao(Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学法学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《学术论坛》2024年第5期41-54,共14页Academic Forum

摘　　要：习近平总书记强调,要总结编纂民法典的经验,适时推动条件成熟的立法领域法典编纂工作。党的二十届三中全会对深化生态文明体制改革作出战略部署,明确提出“编纂生态环境法典”。如何完成我国生态环境法典编纂工作,需要从生态环境法典编纂的核心思想、法典体系和法典内容等方面立体形塑中国特色生态环境法典的理想图景,破解现实与理想之间存在的困境,探索其实现路径。在生态法典编纂的核心思想方面,要克服传统法学领域“经济人”思想,贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想和习近平法治思想,推动环境权以先入宪后入典的方式,确保环境权在生态环境法典中的全面实现。在法典编纂的体系方面,理想的生态环境法典应当在潘德克顿体系指导下进行总则—分编的编纂,并兼具灵活性、开放性以及综合协调力,能充分发挥体系化程度高的优势。因此,针对法典总则,要界定基本概念、明确基本原则、规定法典的立法宗旨;针对法典分则,要结合中国实际实现分则之间的协调性与灵活性。在法典内容方面,理想的生态环境法典应具有基础涵盖力,能够将所有相关制度全面、合理地囊括其中,但现阶段应通过运用阶段性立法方式,在适度法典化的路径下处理好法典的应有内容。Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed the need to summarize the experience of compilation of the China's Civil Code and promote the codification in the legislative area in due time when conditions permit.The third plenary session of the 2oth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made strategic arrangements for deepening reform in ecological conservation and clearly proposed to compile the environmental code.How to complete the compilation of the environmental code with Chinese characteristics?It needs to create an ideal scenario for the environmental code with Chinese char-acteristics from the three-dimensional perspectives of the core idea,the codification system,and the contents of codification,and it also needs to overcome the dilemma between ideal and reality and explore the implementation path.In terms of the core idea in the compilation of the environmental code,it is necessary to break through the thinking of"economic man"in the traditional field of law and gradually implement the concept of harmonious development of three types of communities with a shared future,so as to ensure the full inclusion of the environmental rights in the environmental code by promoting the inclusion of environmental rights in the Constitution before its inclusion into the civil code.In terms of the codification system,an ideal environmental code should be compiled under the guidance of the Pandekten system in terms of general provisions and specific provisions,and it should be flexible,open and have comprehensive coordination,as well as fully leverage the advantages of high level of systemati-zation.Therefore,regarding the general provisions of the code,it is necessary to define basic concepts,clarify basic principles,and define the legislative purpose of the codification.Regarding the specific provisions of the code,it is necessary to achieve coordination and flexibility among specific provisions in accordance with China's actual situations.Finally,in terms of the content of the legal code,an ideal environmental co

关 键 词：生态文明 生态环境法典 法典化 立法体系 

分 类 号：D922.61[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]