私人主体参与公共行政的实现路径  

The Realization Path for Private Subjects'Participation in Public Administration

作　　者：李淮 Li Huai(The Supreme People's Procuratorate of China,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]最高人民检察院检察理论研究所,北京100144

出　　处：《学术论坛》2024年第5期116-124,共9页Academic Forum

摘　　要：私人主体参与执行行政任务是现代社会发展成熟的一种表征,其存在法律课予公法义务、法律授予行政权力、通过一般行政委托三种方式选择。其中,通过法律直接课予私人主体义务系由国家将其部分义务强制性地转嫁至私人主体;法律授予私人公权力则出现权力转移,私人主体能够以己之名对外行使权力,并自负其责;一般意义上的行政委托不转移行政职权,私人主体也不具有独立性,包括业务委托、行政辅助以及专家参与等形式。在具体运作过程中,需要坚持目标导向、问题意识、系统思维,视情选择恰当路径,科学设定行政授权要件,准确把握不同路径的边界和效力,加强行政程序法治化建设,从而充分激发私人主体参与公共行政的实效性。The participation of private subjects in the execution of administrative tasks is a sign of maturity for the modern society.There are three possible paths,including the law imposing administrative obligations,the law authorizing administrative power,and administrative entrustment in general terms.Among them,imposing administrative obligation to private subjects by the law means that the state transfers part of its obligations to the private subjects in a compulsory manner.Authorizing the public power to private subjects will lead to the transfer of power,and the private subjects can exercise the power in their own names and take responsibility for the consequence.Administrative entrustment in general terms does not transfer the administrative authority,nor does private subjects have independence.It consists of business entrustment,administrative assistance,and expert participation.In the process of operation,it is imperative to keep in mind the goal,be aware of the problems,adopt the systematic thinking,and select the appropriate path according to the actual situations.It is also necessary to determine the elements of administrative authorization in a proper manner,accurately grasp the boundaries and effectiveness of different paths,and strengthen the rule of law in the administrative procedure,so as to fully improve the effectiveness of private subjects'participation in the public administration.

关 键 词：私人主体 行政任务 法定义务 法律授权 行政委托 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]