亚太液化天然气长约价格复议条款策略分析及展望  

Strategy analysis and outlook on price review clauses under long-term LNG contracts in Asia-Pacific

作　　者：沈灵 SHEN Ling(PetroChina International Company Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中国石油国际事业有限公司

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2024年第10期37-44,共8页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：亚太液化天然气长约价格复议可以有效避免长期合同执行过程中出现油气比价关系明显脱离当时的天然气市场情况,给予买卖双方合理管理长约价格波动风险的权利。液化天然气长约价值的调整不仅体现在合同价格条款中,其他关键条款包括合同期限、合同量、目的地、货源地条款也间接影响长约价值评估。从亚太液化天然气长约定价机制入手,介绍了复议条款设置目的,以及触发条件、参照标准、争议解决等构成要素,分析了启动复议之前、进入谈判阶段、达成一致或形成争议阶段的商务应对策略。未来亚太LNG长约价格复议变化特点为:1)合同价格与油价脱钩;2)合同中价格复议相关灵活性增强;3)第三方争议解决机制地位提升。对于亚太LNG长约市场的中国参与者提出两点启示:1)靠前谋划、系统组织、整合资源、动态施策;2)加强合作,共同加速推动天然气市场化进程。The Asia-Pacific LNG Long-Term Contract Price Review Clause can effectively avoid situations where the oil/gas price relationship is significantly out of line with prevailing natural gas market conditions during the execution of a longterm contract,and give both buyers and sellers the right to reasonably manage the risk of fluctuations in the long-term contract price.Adjustments to the value of LNG long-term contracts are not only reflected in the contract price terms,but such other key terms as the contract term,contract volume,destination,and source terms,which also indirectly affect the valuation of the longterm contract.Starting from the pricing mechanism of the Asia-Pacific LNG LCC,the paper introduces the purpose of the review clause,as well as triggering conditions,reference standards,dispute resolution,and other components,and analyzes business strategies before initiating the review,entering the negotiation stage,and reaching an agreement or forming a dispute.Future changes in the price review of long-dated Asia-Pacific LNG contracts will be characterized by decoupling the contract price from the oil price,more flexibility related to price review in the contract,and elevated the status of the third-party dispute resolution mechanism.There are such two implications for Chinese participants in the Asia-Pacific LNG long-term contract market as formulating forward planning,systematic organization,resource integration,and dynamic policy-making;and strengthening cooperation to jointly accelerate the natural gas marketization process.

关 键 词：液化天然气(LNG) 长约 长期合同 合同条款 定价机制 价格复议 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]