金属硼化物的制备及其在军工领域的基础应用研究进展  

Research progress of preparation of metal borides and their military applications

作　　者：李峻西 解志鹏 刘云峰 马龙 陈嘉乐 张达[1,2] 杨斌 梁风[1,2] LI Junxi;XIE Zhipeng;LIU Yunfeng;MA Long;CHEN Jiale;ZHANG Da;YANG Bin;LIANG Feng(National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;The Military Representative Bureau in Chongqing of the Army Equipment Department,Qujing 655000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学真空冶金国家工程研究中心,云南昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [3]陆军装备部驻重庆地区军事代表局,云南曲靖655000

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2024年第12期13-28,共16页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12175089,12205127);云南省重点研发计划项目(202103AF140006);云南省基础研究计划项目(202001AW070004,202301AS070051,202301BE070001-052,202401AT070329);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”产业创新人才项目(KKXY202252001);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(KKXX202452067)。

摘　　要：金属硼化物因其具有优异的抗氧化性、高熔点、高硬度、高导热导电率和超导性等特性,在航空航天、超导和电磁波吸收领域有广阔的应用前景。然而,由于传统方法制备的金属硼化物存在颗粒尺寸大、产物纯度低、生产成本高和烧结性差等问题,导致其无法达到理想的应用性能。因此,针对以上问题概述了金属硼化物的结构、性质,详细介绍了金属硼化物不同制备方法的优缺点,综述了近几年国内外金属硼化物在超高温陶瓷、超导和高温吸波领域的研究进展,最后讨论了金属硼化物在超导领域中临界电流密度低、吸波领域中阻抗失配和超高温陶瓷领域中烧结性差、断裂韧性低的问题,并对其未来在粉末制备方法、陶瓷新型成材技术和机器模拟等方向进行了展望。Metal borides have excellent oxidation resistance,high melting point,high hardness,outstanding thermal and electrical conductivity,and superconductivity,whch exhibit vast potential applications in aerospace,superconduction,and electromagnetic wave absorption.However,the metal borides prepared by traditional methods face many problems,such as the large particle size,low product purity,high production cost,and poor sintering property,which leads to the unsatisfactory application performance.Therefore,the structure and properties of metal borides were summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods of metal borides were introduced in detail.The research progress of metal borides in the fields of ultrahigh temperature ceramics,superconductivity and high temperature absorption in recent years was reviewed.Finally,the problems of low critical current density in the field of superconducting field,impedance mismatch in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption,poor sintering property and low fracture toughness in the field of ultrahigh temperature ceramics were discussed,and the future development in the directions of preparation methods,new material formation technologies,and machine simulation was prospected.

关 键 词：金属硼化物 结构和性质 制备方法 军工应用 

分 类 号：TQ128.1[化学工程—无机化工]