锰酸锂材料在电化学提锂应用中的研究进展  

Research progress of lithium manganese oxide materials in electrochemical lithium extraction applications

作　　者：付煜 张柏爽 杨健茂 刘建允[1,3] FU Yu;ZHANG Boshuang;YANG Jianmao;LIU Jianyun(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Centre of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Shanghai 201620,China;Research Center for Analysis&Measurement,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,生态环境部纺织污染控制工程中心,上海201620 [2]东华大学分析测试中心,上海201620 [3]上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2024年第12期62-69,共8页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21776045)。

摘　　要：电化学提锂技术具有分离效率高、成本低和环境友好等优点,被广泛应用于盐湖卤水、地热水及海水等锂资源领域。电化学提锂系统依靠具有选择性的电极材料来实现锂离子(Li^(+))的选择性吸附,提锂性能主要由锂选择性电极材料决定。在众多锂选择性电极材料中,锰酸锂(LiMn_(2)O_(4),LMO)具有电化学活性高、吸附容量大、选择性优异和安全无毒等优点,成为目前电化学提锂系统中最常用的锂选择性材料。然而,LMO本身较差的电子导电性、锰溶损和相转变等问题,使其在长期稳定电化学提锂应用中表现较差,极大地制约了其商业化应用。基于此,主要介绍了电化学提锂技术的原理和LMO材料在电化学提锂中的应用,并且总结和概述了LMO的主要改性方法,包括元素掺杂、表面包覆、结构调控和导电材料复合等。最后,从反应机理上概括了LMO现有的改性策略,并从实际应用的角度对电化学提锂系统的升级优化进行了展望和建议。The electrochemical lithium extraction technology is extensively utilized in extracting lithium resources from salt lake brine,geothermal brine,and seawater owing to its high separation efficiency,costeffectiveness,and environmentally friendly nature.This technology operates on the selective adsorption of lithium ions by electrode materials,making the physicochemical properties of these materials crucial to the system's performance.Lithium manganese oxide stands out among electrode materials due to its exceptional electrochemical activity,adsorption capacity,safety profile,and nontoxicity.However,issues such as manganese dissolution and poor electronic conductivity during extended chargedischarge cycles hinder the commercial viability of lithium manganese oxide.The principles of capacitive deionization technology and the lithium extraction mechanism of LMO were elaborated.And the main modification methods of LMO were summarized and outlined,including element doping,surface coating,structural regulation,and composite formation with conductive substrates.Finally,the existing modification strategies of LMO were summarized from the reaction mechanism,and the upgrading and optimization of the electrochemical lithium extraction system were prospected and suggested from the perspective of practical application.

关 键 词：电化学提锂 锰酸锂 元素掺杂 表面包覆 结构调控 导电基体复合 

分 类 号：TQ131.11[化学工程—无机化工]