希格斯物理研究:昨天、今天、明天  

Higgs physics research:yesterday,today,and tomorrow

作　　者：周辰 朱永峰 郭倩颖 张轩豪 张铭滔 耿新月 何杰汉 潘程扬 王一品 杨楚雪 陈嘉华 Zhou Chen;Zhu Yong-Feng;Guo Qian-Ying;Zhang Xuan-Hao;Zhang Ming-Tao;Geng Xin-Yue;He Jie-Han;Pan Cheng-Yang;Wang Yi-Pin;Yang Chu-Xue;Chen Jia-Hua(School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学,核物理与核技术国家重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第24期9-26,共18页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2023YFA1605800);国家自然科学基金(批准号:12275005);中央高校基本科研业务费(北京大学)资助的课题.

摘　　要：希格斯物理是高能物理最重要的研究方向之一.希格斯机制赋予了基本粒子质量,并预言了希格斯玻色子的存在.大型强子对撞机(LHC)上的ATLAS和CMS实验在2012年发现了希格斯玻色子,完成了标准模型的基本粒子谱.高能物理学家研究了希格斯玻色子的各种性质,来检验标准模型的希格斯机制是否正确,并探寻是否存在新的希格斯机制.高能物理学家也提出了希格斯工厂的计划,进行了大量的预研工作.本文回顾了希格斯玻色子的发现历程,介绍了其物理性质的研究现状,并讨论了未来希格斯工厂的物理前景.This article reviews the discovery of the Higgs boson,discusses the studies of its properties,and introduces the physical prospects of the future Higgs factories.The greatest goal of particle physics is to understand the fundamental particles of the universe and how they interact with each other(or more generally,how the universe operates).In the standard model of particle phyiscs,the Higgs mechanism is proposed to explain the origin of elementary particle mass and predict the existence of the Higgs boson.Higgs physics is one of the most important research areas in particle physics.The Large Hadron Collider(LHC)at CERN(Geneva,Switzerland)accelerates proton beams to collide at center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV,thus defining the world’s energy frontier.The ATLAS and CMS detectors are two general-purpose detectors at the LHC for studying the debris from the collisions.The Higgs boson was discovered in the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2012.This discovery completed the fundamental particle spectrum of the standard model and was an important milestone for particle physics.Since then,many studies have been conducted on the properties of Higgs boson,including spin,mass and couplings,to deepen our understanding of the Higgs mechanism.In particular,the Higgs boson couplings to fermions and to themselves present new kinds of fundamental interactions with paramount significance,which have not been fully confirmed.Additionally,the Higgs bosons has become an important tool to search for dark matter,heavy resonance,and other new physical phenomena.So far,there has been no deviation from the predictions of the standard model.Looking forward to the future,it is proposed to use the electron-positron collisions to study the Higgs boson in more depth.Physics studies have shown that these Higgs factories can significantly improve the accuracy of many properties of the Higgs boson,including width and couplings,and provide great physics prospects.

关 键 词：标准模型 电弱对称性自发破缺 希格斯玻色子 

分 类 号：O572[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]