电化学生物传感中的生物识别元件与信号放大策略  

Biorecognition Elements and Signal Amplification Strategies in Electrochemical Biosensing

作　　者：吴迪 许文慧 张茜瑶 王孟格 陈松民 胡琼 牛利 WU Di;XU Wen-Hui;ZHANG Xi-Yao;WANG Meng-Ge;CHEN Song-Min;HU Qiong;NIU Li(Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Sensing Materials and Devices,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials and Devices,Center for Advanced Analytical Science,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学化学化工学院,分析科学技术研究中心,广州市传感材料与器件重点实验室,广东省光电传感材料与器件工程技术研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《分析化学》2024年第11期1629-1639,共11页Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：广东省科协青年科技人才培育计划(No.SKXRC202414);广东省普通高校特色创新项目(No.2024KTSCX154);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(No.2022A1515010618);广州市科学技术协会青年科技人才托举项目(No.QT20230101007);广州大学大学生创新训练项目(No.S202411078056)资助。

摘　　要：电化学生物传感器在小分子物质、蛋白质、酶、核酸、外泌体、循环肿瘤细胞、细菌和病毒等生物靶标的检测研究领域中备受关注。为实现生物靶标的高灵敏、高选择性电化学检测,需采用多种特异性生物识别元件和高效信号放大策略。本文归纳总结了电化学生物传感中典型的生物识别元件与信号放大策略。依据生物识别元件与靶标的作用方式,分别介绍了酶-底物型和受体-配体型电化学生物传感器,着重介绍了核酸类靶标与非核酸类靶标电化学检测中的生物识别元件;围绕生物靶标的高灵敏检测,重点介绍了基于等温核酸扩增、催化反应、功能纳米载体以及聚合物材料的信号放大策略在电化学生物传感中的应用,讨论了电化学生物传感器实际应用面临的诸多挑战,并展望了该领域的发展趋势。As a long-standing research focus in electroanalytic chemistry,electrochemical biosensors have attracted immense interest in detection of biological targets such as small molecules,proteins,enzymes,nucleic acids,exosomes,circulating tumor cells(CTCs),bacteria,and viruses.etc.The highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of biological targets relies on the use of the specific biorecognition elements(BREs)and efficient signal amplification strategies.In this review,the typically used BREs and amplification strategies in electrochemical biosensing were summarized.On the basis of the interactions between BREs and targets,the enzyme/substrate-based and receptor/ligand-based electrochemical biosensors were first introduced,focusing on the BREs used in the electrochemical detection of nucleic acid targets and non-nucleic acid targets.Then,the representative use of various isothermal nucleic acid amplification technologies,catalytic reactions,functionalized nanocarriers,and polymer materials in amplified electrochemical detection of biological targets were introduced.The challenges with respect to the practical use of electrochemical biosensors and the prospect of electrochemical biosensing were discussed.

关 键 词：电化学生物传感器 生物识别元件 信号放大 评述 

分 类 号：O657.1[理学—分析化学] TP212.3[理学—化学]