Rutherford’s Atomic Nucleus versus Landau’s Gigantic Nucleus:Does Nature Favor Flavor Symmetry?  

从Rutherford的原子核到Landau的巨核:大自然偏好味对称吗?

作　　者：XU Renxin 徐仁新(北京大学物理学院核物理与核技术国家重点实验室,北京100871;北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所,北京100871)

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [2]Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

出　　处：《原子核物理评论》2024年第3期863-871,共9页Nuclear Physics Review

基　　金：科技部SKA专项项目(2020SKA0120100);中国科学院先导战略项目(XDB0550300)。

摘　　要：It is hypothesized that,at low temperature,though atomic nuclei are made of 2-flavored nucleons(i.e.,nucleon matter as nuclear droplet),strongly interacting matter(i.e.,gigantic nucleus)with baryon number from A≃10^(3-9)to-10^(57)would be composed of 3-flavored strangeons if Nature favors always the flavor symmetry of quarks.According to that logic,strangeon matter with A-10^(57)could manifest in the form of pulsar-like compact stars,and multi-messenger observations with advanced facilities(e.g.,China’s FAST)could eventually provide a disproof/proof.It is worth emphasizing that this point of view,based on established“old physics”(i.e.,the standard model of particle physics),may have particular consequences for understanding our material world,for both normal luminous matter and even the dark sector.原子核(即核液滴)的对称能本质上体现了两味价夸克的对称性,其组成单元为核子。本文试图阐述如下概念:若自然总喜欢夸克味对称,重子数A在10^(3-9)和-10^(57)之间的低温强相互作用巨核应该由三味对称的奇子构成。根据这一逻辑,脉冲星类致密天体其实是A-10^(57)的大块奇子物质;若干多信使天文观测(如利用中国FAST等先进装置)或有望澄清该论断的合理性。值得强调的是,在粒子物理标准模型这个成熟的“旧物理”框架内提出的奇子物质看法有助于深刻地认识我们所处的物质世界,包括正常的发光物质,甚至暗物质。

关 键 词：dense matter elementary particle symmetry energy neutron star pulsar 

分 类 号：O571.6[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]