寻找由奇异夸克物质构成的天体  

Searching for Strange Quark Objects

作　　者：邹泽城 黄永锋[1,2] 张晓黎 ZOU Zecheng;HUANG Yongfeng;ZHANG Xiaoli(School of Astronomy and Space Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University),Ministry of Education,China;Department of Physics,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学天文与空间科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京大学现代天文与天体物理教育部重点实验室,南京210023 [3]南京大学物理学院,南京210093

出　　处：《原子核物理评论》2024年第3期872-879,共8页Nuclear Physics Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(12233002,12041306);科技部SKA专项项目(2020SKA0120300);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA0718500)。

摘　　要：由上、下、奇异夸克组成的致密奇异夸克物质可能是强相互作用物质的绝对基态。基于这一奇异夸克物质假说,脉冲星实际上可能是奇异星。奇异星的质量-半径关系、冷却等观测特征与传统的中子星有所不同,但当前的天文观测尚不能完全区分二者。奇异星能够驱动快速射电暴和引力波暴。而奇异夸克物质的稳定性更使得行星质量的奇异夸克物质团块,即奇异行星能够自束缚地稳定存在。奇异行星非常致密,能够在周期小于6100 s的非常近的轨道上围绕中心天体公转,而一般物质组成的行星在此距离上则会被潮汐瓦解。因此,这种密近的系外行星一旦被发现,便能有力地佐证奇异星的存在。同时,奇异矮星也能在奇异夸克物质假说下稳定存在。未来的多波段多信使天文观测将能有助于厘清致密物质的真实性质。Dense strange quark matter(SQM)composed of up,down,and strange quarks may be the absolute ground state of strong-interaction matter.Based on this SQM hypothesis,pulsars may actually be strange stars.Strange stars are different from conventional neutron stars in features such as mass-radius relationship and cooling rate,but current astronomical observations cannot discriminate between them unambiguously yet.Strange stars can power fast radio bursts and gravitational-wave bursts.The ultimate stability of SQM enables self-bound planetary-mass SQM clumps,i.e.strange planets,to exist stably.A strange planet,being very dense,can revolve around a central object in a very close orbit with a period shorter than 6100 s.By contrast,a plant made up of normal matter shall be tidally disrupted at such a short distance.Therefore,these close-in planetary systems would strongly evidence the existence of strange planets once they were discovered.Moreover,strange dwarfs can stably exist under the SQM hypothesis.Future multiwavelength and multimessenger astronomical observations may help clarify the nature of dense matter.

关 键 词：致密核物质 奇异星 快速射电暴 引力波 核天体物理 

分 类 号：O572[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]