法兰克福学派危机理论的演变及困境  

The Evolution and Predicament of the Frankfurt School's Theory of Crisis

作　　者：田曦 Tian Xi

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《理论月刊》2024年第12期82-93,159,共13页Theory Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“基于MEGA2文献的《资本论》经济危机理论再研究”(22CKS008)。

摘　　要：法兰克福学派危机理论经历了经济向度—政治向度—速度向度的逻辑转向,即从对有计划的资本主义将持久存在的整体预言,到资本主义的合法化危机与福利国家的结构性矛盾分析,再到晚期现代社会危机的加速逻辑释义。整体而言,这一演变路径揭示了资本主义的总体统治以及这种统治向社会其他领域延伸的倾向,但局部改良与抽象思辨的合流使法兰克福学派危机理论的批判力度逐渐钝化,在变革资本主义社会上徒劳无功。这种发展路向固然受资本主义最新发展与社会矛盾转换的影响,但从根本而言还是源自法兰克福学派危机理论自身的困境。要想超越这一内在困境,必须回归马克思主义政治经济学批判这一“原本批判”。The Frankfurt school's theory of crisis has experienced a logical turn of“economic dimension-political dimension-speed dimension”,that is,a turn from the overall prediction of the long lasting existence of planned capitalism,to the analysis of structural contradictions between the“legalization crisis”of capitalism and the welfare state,and then to the accelerated logical interpretation of the crisis of late modern society.On the whole,this evolution path reveals the overall dominance of capitalism and its tendency to extend to other fields of society,but the confluence of local improvement and abstract speculation gradually passivates the criticism of the Frankfurt school's theory of crisis,rendering it futile in transforming capitalist society.Although this trend of development is affected by the latest development of capitalism and the transformation of social contradictions,it fundamentally stems from the plight of the Frankfurt school's theory of crisis itself.In order to overcome this inherent dilemma,it is necessary to return to the“original criticism”of Marx's critique of political economy.

关 键 词：法兰克福学派 资本主义危机 资本主义总体统治 政治经济学批判 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]