底栖有孔虫对海洋环境的生态响应概述  

Overview of the Ecological Response of Benthic Foraminifera to Marine Environment

作　　者：吴玉琦 陈页 郭远明 袁涛[3] 李铁军 乔玲 WU Yuqi;CHEN Ye;GUO Yuanming;YUAN Tao;LI Tiejun;QIAO Ling(Marine and Fisheries Research Institute,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan Zhejiang 316021,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Zhoushan Zhejiang 316021,China;Zhoushan Dinghai Ecological Environment Monitoring Station(Zhoushan Dinghai Ecological Environment Protection Technology Service Center),Zhoushan Zhejiang 316000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所,浙江舟山316021 [2]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江舟山316021 [3]舟山市定海生态环境监测站(舟山市定海生态环境保护技术服务中心),浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2024年第9期889-901,共13页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：浙江省海洋水产研究所科技计划项目(编号:HYS-ZX-202410)资助。

摘　　要：随着人类活动的不断增加,海洋生态系统正面临着巨大威胁。底栖有孔虫作为海洋环境的指示生物,具有个体小、种类多、生命周期短、多样性高、分布广泛以及对环境变化敏感等特点,在监测海洋环境污染和海洋生态系统变化方面具有重要作用。综述了自然环境因素和人为因素对底栖有孔虫壳体形态、物种丰度、群落组成及多样性的影响,概括了底栖有孔虫作为海洋环境变化指示生物的响应指标,如壳孔密度、孔隙度和壳体Mg/Ca等可以用来指示海洋升温、海洋酸化和低氧等海洋气候变化,底栖有孔虫群落多样性的降低、耐受种丰度的增加以及敏感种丰度的降低常作为海洋环境污染的指示性指标。最后指出了在研究中需要注意的问题及未来研究方向:目前大多数有孔虫研究都采用了不同的技术和方法,缺乏标准化的样品采集、制备、处理和数据分析方法,因此大多数研究结果无法相互比较。此外,底栖有孔虫对环境变化的响应机制尚不明确。因此,未来研究可以通过将基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学等手段与物种生态学相互作用整合起来,从基因水平探索底栖有孔虫响应环境变化的遗传学机制,以期为利用底栖有孔虫重建和预测海洋气候变化,以及指示现代海洋环境质量提供理论依据。With the rapid development of the economy,pollution of the coastal marine environment has become increasingly serious,resulting in an evident decline in environmental quality and deterioration of ecosystems,which have harmful effects on biological resources and human health.Benthic foraminifera,as indicator organisms of marine environments,have the characteristics of small size,wide distribution,high density and species diversity,short life cycles,good preservation potential in marine sediments,and high sensitivity to various pollutants,all of which play an important role in monitoring marine environmental pollution and changes in marine ecosystems.In this study,we reviewed the effects of natural environmental factors,such as temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen,sediment grain size,organic matter,and water depth and anthropogenic pollutants,such as heavy metals,organic pollutants,and nutrients on the shell morphology,species abundance,community composition,and diversity of benthic foraminifera.We summarized the response indicators of benthic foraminifera to marine environmental changes.The microscopic characteristics of the benthic foraminifera,such as pore density,porosity,and chemical composition,such as Mg/Ca and B/Ca,can be used to indicate marine climate changes,including ocean warming,ocean acidification,and low oxygen.Decrease in benthic foraminiferal community diversity,increase in tolerant species abundance,and decrease in sensitive species abundance can be used as indicators of marine environmental pollution.In addition,we pointed out problems that require attention and directions for future research.Currently,most foraminiferal studies use different techniques and methods.The lack of standardized methods for sample collection,preparation,processing,and data analysis makes it impossible to compare the results of most studies.In addition,the response mechanisms of benthic foraminifera to environmental changes are unclear.Therefore,future studies should explore the genetic mechanisms of benthic foraminif

关 键 词：底栖有孔虫 海洋环境污染 生态响应 群落组成 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]