古罗马混凝土高耐久性和高防腐性的岩石学背景  

Unraveling the Petrological Enigma of the Durability and Corrosion Resistance of Ancient Roman Concrete

作　　者：罗清洵 张典 林启航 余孝乐 马昌前[1,2] 佘振兵[1,3] LUO Qingxun;ZHANG Dian;LIN Qihang;YU Xiaole;MA Changqian;SHE Zhenbing(Faculty of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resource,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地球科学学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2024年第9期968-986,共19页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:42130309)资助。

摘　　要：我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家和基建大国,不仅有着极高的混凝土需求,同时也愈加注重延缓混凝土老化的耐久性和抵抗海水侵蚀的防腐性。古罗马混凝土凝结着古罗马人的智慧,拥有极高的耐久性和防腐性,吸引了各行业学者的广泛研究。通过搜集火山灰源区罗马火成岩省的岩石学信息,并对比古罗马混凝土与海水接触前后的岩石矿物学变化,发现高铝火山灰的使用和次生铝硅酸盐矿物的形成对古罗马混凝土的高耐久性和防腐性有着重要意义。综述了前人对古罗马混凝土的矿物组成、微观结构和高耐久高防腐机制的研究成果,发现古罗马混凝土中添加了生石灰、火山灰和陶瓷器碎片等物质,高铝火山灰与生石灰甚至骨料中的陶瓷碎片等发生反应,形成了一种由水化铝酸钙(C-A-H)、水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)和水合硅铝酸钙(C-A-S-H)组成的结构,能够牢固地胶结骨料。随着时间的推移,这些水合硅铝酸钙结晶形成托贝莫来石和钙十字沸石等矿物,这些特殊矿物不仅具有较高的力学强度,还能在与海水接触过程中吸附有害离子,从而减缓混凝土受到的海水腐蚀。此外,古罗马混凝土的物质组成还使其具有独特的自愈机制,能够自发填补裂隙。作为一种人造岩石,古罗马混凝土在耐久性和防腐性等方面体现了独特的优势,从岩石矿物学的角度对其开展系统研究,可为现代混凝土和其他地质材料的研发提供理论指导。As the world’s largest developing country and infrastructure powerhouse,China not only has an extremely high demand for concrete but also increasingly focuses on enhancing the durability of concrete to delay aging and improving its resistance to seawater corrosion.Ancient Roman concrete,reflecting the wisdom of the Romans,possesses remarkable durability and corrosion resistance,which has attracted extensive research from scholars across various fields.By collecting petrological information from the volcanic area of the Roman volcanic province and comparing the mineralogical changes of ancient Roman concrete before and after exposure to seawater,it is found that the use of high-alumina volcanic ash and the formation of secondary aluminum silicate minerals are crucial for the high durability and corrosion resistance of ancient Roman concrete.The study discovers that ancient Roman concrete contains materials such as quicklime,volcanic ash,and ceramic fragments.The reaction between high-alumina volcanic ash and quicklime,as well as ceramic fragments in the aggregates,form a structure composed of C-A-H,C-S-H,and C-A-S-H,which effectively bond the aggregates.Over time,these C-A-S-H compounds can crystallize into minerals such as tobermorite and phillipsite.These special minerals not only exhibit high mechanical strength but also adsorb harmful ions during interaction with seawater,thereby protecting the concrete from seawater corrosion.Additionally,the material composition of ancient Roman concrete has a unique self-healing mechanism,allowing it to spontaneously fill cracks.As an artificial rock,ancient Roman concrete demonstrates unique advantages in durability and corrosion resistance.A systematic study of its petrological characteristics can provide theoretical guidance for the development of modern concrete and other geological materials.

关 键 词：古罗马混凝土 耐久性 防腐性 火山灰 矿物组成 微观结构 

分 类 号：P642.1[天文地球—工程地质学]