小黑麦和小麦杂交后代主要性状配合力及杂种优势分析  

Combining Ability and Heterosis Analysis on Main Traits of Hybrid Offspring of Triticale and Wheat

作　　者：赵方媛[1] 郭蕊 杜文华[1] ZHAO Fangyuan;GUO Rui;DU Wenhua(Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-U.S.Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第12期2223-2230,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32260339);甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动项目(GAU-KYQD-2022-15)。

摘　　要：为探究小黑麦与小麦之间的配合力、杂种优势及其育性,以2个小麦材料A1、A2(W4、W25)为母本,3个小黑麦材料B1、B2、B3(C25、甘农2号、甘农3号)为父本,按照NCⅡ不完全双列杂交法配制6个杂交组合,对亲本及杂交组合的9个主要性状进行配合力效应、杂种优势及杂种育性分析。结果表明:B1株高、穗粒质量、千粒质量的一般配合力效应值最高,枝条数等其他性状的一般配合力也基本表现良好,用作亲本可提高杂交后代的草产量及种子产量;A2和B3株高的一般配合力效应值均为负值,但枝条数及部分种子产量构成因素性状的一般配合力效应值表现突出,具有培育抗倒伏、种子产量高后代的潜力。特殊配合力较高的杂交组合A1B1和A2B3种子产量方面可能出现较强的杂种优势,A1B3草产量可能出现较强的杂种优势,A2B2各性状的特殊配合力效应值表现较突出,由该亲本配制的组合草产量和种子产量均可能出现较强的杂种优势。性状的中亲优势率为-39.95%~33.33%,超亲优势率为-56.92%~13.89%,不同组合性状的杂种优势差异明显。穗结实率较高的组合为A1B1。In order to explore the combining ability,heterosis and hybrid fertility between triticale and wheat,6 hybrid combinations were prepared according to NCⅡincomplete diallel crossing method with 2 wheat materials A1,A2(W4,W25)as the female parent and 3 triticale materials B1,B2,B3(C25,Gannong No.2,Gannong No.3)as the male parent.Then,the combining ability,heterosis and hybrid fertility of 9 main characters of parents and their hybrid were analyzed.The results showed that B1 had the highest effect value of general combining ability(GCA)of plant height,grain mass per spike and thousand-grain mass,and also showed an excellent effect of other traits such as the number of branches,which could improve both the grass yield and seed yield of hybrid offspring by using B1 as a parent.Although the effect value of GCA of plant height of A2 and B3 were negative,the effect value of GCA of branch number and some seed yield component traits were prominent,which had the potential to breed the offspring with lodging resistance and high seed yield.A1B1 and A2B3 with higher effect value of special combining ability(SCA)may have strong heterosis in seed yield,A1B3 may have strong heterosis in grass yield,and the effect value of SCA of each trait of A2B2 was prominent,and the combination formed by these two parents may have strong heterosis in both grass and seed yield.The mid-parent heterosis rate and the super parent heterosis rate of these traits ranged from-39.95%to 33.33%and-56.92%to 13.89%,respectively,and there were significant difference in heterosis of these traits among different combinations.A1B1 was the combination with a higher ear setting rate.This study can provide the theoretical basis for the selection of parents and hybrid offspring in wheat and triticale cross-breeding.

关 键 词：小黑麦 小麦 配合力 杂种优势 育性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S512.4