65Mn钢波形弹簧断裂原因分析  

Fracture analysis on 65Mn steel wave spring

作　　者：高辉 李增利 来江波 GAO Hui;LI Zengli;LAI Jiangbo(Aviation Industry Shaanxi Aviation Electric Co.,Ltd.,Xingping 713100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西航空电气有限责任公司,陕西兴平713100

出　　处：《金属加工（热加工）》2024年第12期88-91,共4页MW Metal Forming

摘　　要：材料牌号为65Mn钢的发电机用波形弹簧在工作中发生断裂。采用宏观观察、电镜能谱检测、化学成分分析、硬度检测和金相组织分析等理化手段对波形弹簧的断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:该波形弹簧为氢致延迟脆性断裂。电镜能谱检测其断口为脆性断口,可见鸡爪纹,基体化学成分符合材料65Mn钢要求,但硬度为工艺要求的上限值,导致材料脆性偏大;镀镉工艺除氢不及时、不彻底,导致氢扩散到基体,材料发生氢脆断裂。因此,建议调整波形弹簧热处理工艺,使硬度值为技术要求的中下限值,并控制表面镀镉后的除氢间隔时间并延长除氢时间。Wave-shaped springs for motors,made of 65Mn steel,fractured during operation.Physical and chemical methods such as macroscopic observation,electron microscope energy-spectrum examination,chemical composition analysis,hardness inspection and metallographic structure analysis were used to analyze the fracture causes of the wave-shaped springs.The results show that the wave-shaped springs suffered from hydrogen-induced delayed brittle fracture.The fracture surface examined by electron microscope energy-spectrum is a brittle one,with chicken-claw-like patterns visible.The chemical composition of the matrix meets the requirements of 65Mn steel,but the hardness is at the upper limit of the process requirements,resulting in relatively high brittleness of the material;the hydrogen removal in the cadmium-plating process is not timely and thorough,causing hydrogen to diffuse into the matrix and the material to have hydrogen-embrittlement fracture.Therefore,it is recommended to adjust the heat-treatment process of the wave-shaped springs so that the hardness value is at the middle-lower level of the technical requirements,and to control the hydrogen-removal interval time after surface cadmium-plating and extend the hydrogen-removal time.

关 键 词：波形弹簧 氢脆 热处理 表面镀镉 

分 类 号：TM31[电气工程—电机] TG115[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]