“泰国苗族”:在渝长居泰国少数民族的身份建构与在地适应  

“The Hmong of Thailand”--Identity Construction Practice and Local Adaptation of Thai's Minority Residing Permanently in Chongqing

作　　者：王璐[1] WANG Lu(Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学,重庆400067

出　　处：《怀化学院学报》2024年第5期13-21,共9页Journal of Huaihua University

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目“乡村社区领袖参与地方文化建构的运作机制及实施路径研究”(2019BS038);重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究一般项目“乡村治理创新中的地方精英流失及其村社应对机制研究”(21SKGH126);重庆工商大学科研启动经费项目(1955089)(2055030)。

摘　　要：在泰国全面归化的民族政策下,泰北的山地少数民族在社会生活实践中产生了身份认同冲突,国家认同较低,同时民族认同又被压抑。近年来,一些中青年泰国Hmong人通过泰式按摩行业迁移至中国,由于“他者”的凝视,新的移居环境原本可能冲淡泰国人内部的民族差异,然而对在渝泰国Hmong人的调查发现,他们在“泰国人”这一身份标签下,还具有较强的民族身份及文化认同建构需求,压抑的民族身份得以重新释放,其身份想象进一步与中国“苗族”的称谓产生关联。“泰国人”与“苗族”两种并行的身份在地方生活中不断磨合,产生了新的社会关系,从而使在重庆的泰国不同民族之间转而生成有利于合作的互动,益于“泰国苗族”的在地适应。Under Thailand's comprehensive naturalization policy,the hill tribes in Northern Thailand have experienced identity conflicts in their social practices,with low national identity and suppressed ethnic identity.In recent years,some young and middle-aged Thai Hmong have migrated to China through the Thai massage industry.Although the new environment might dilute ethnic differences among Thais due to the“gaze of the other,”research on Thai Hmong in Chongqing reveals a strong need for ethnic identity and cultural recognition under the“Thai”label.Their suppressed ethnic identity is re-expressed,linking further with the Chinese term“Miao.”The dual identities of“Thai”and“Miao”continuously integrate in local life,creating new social relationships.This fosters cooperative interactions among different Thai ethnic groups in Chongqing,aiding the local adaptation of the“Thai Miao.”

关 键 词：泰国Hmong人 在渝长居 身份建构 在地适应 

分 类 号：Q98[生物学—人类学]