‘糯米糍’荔枝物候期及气象因子与产量的关系  

The Relationship Between Phenological Periods,Meteorological Factors and Yield of'Nuomici'Litchi

作　　者：张劲梅 姜泳如 尹淑娴 莫伟强 冼星河 陈楚梦 陈均 ZHANG Jinmei;JIANG Yongru;YIN Shuxian;MO Weiqiang;XIAN Xinghe;CHEN Chumeng;CHEN Jun(Dongguan Meteorological Service,Dongguan 523086,Guangdong;Dongguan Engineering Technology Research Center of Urban Eco-environmental Meteorology,Dongguan 523086,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]广东省东莞市气象局,广东东莞523086 [2]东莞市城市生态环境气象工程技术研究中心,广东东莞523086

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2024年第6期55-61,69,共8页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：广东省气象局科研项目(GRMC2023M64);广东省荔枝特色农业气象服务中心成员单位东莞市气象局2023年科研项目(202306)。

摘　　要：利用2010-2023年广东东莞气象站气象数据及‘糯米糍’荔枝物候期观测数据、产量数据等资料,采用统计分析的方法,分析了该荔枝物候期及气象因子与产量的关系,找出影响产量的关键物候期和气象因子对产量的贡献大小。结果显示,荔枝的开花末期、坐果盛期和采摘盛期出现时间越早,产量越高,其中“大年”这些阶段较之“小年”分别提前16d、17d和7d。此外,年周期降雨日数和相对湿度与产量也呈强负相关,“大年”的降雨日数和相对湿度分别比“小年”少29.2d、低4.2%。在不同物候期,气象因子对产量的影响各异:在秋梢前,降水量与产量呈显著负相关;在秋梢期,气温日较差、平均最高气温和日平均气温与产量呈显著正相关;在花序前,相对湿度与产量呈显著负相关;在开花期,降雨日数和相对湿度与产量呈显著负相关;在采摘期,气温日较差与产量呈显著正相关。Based on the observational data of phenological periods,the meteorological data and yield of'Nuomici'litchi at Dongguan Meteorological Station in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2023,the relationship between phenological periods and meteorological factors and yield of'Nuomici'litchi was analyzed by statistical analysis,so as to identify the key phenological periods and meteorological factors that affected yield and their contribution to yield.The results showed that the earlier appearance of end of flowering date(EFD),fruit growing period(FGP)and fruit maturing date(FMD),the higher yield it got,and the phenological dates of the HIGH yield years were 16 days,17 days and 7 days earlier than those in LOW yield years,respectively.In addition,there was a strong negative correlation between the number of precipitation days(PRD)and relative humidity(RH)and yield,and PRD in HIGH yield years was 29.2 days less than that in LOW yield years,and RH in HIGH yield years was 4.2%lower than that in LOW yield years.In different phenological periods,the meteorological factors with the greatest influence were different.From FMD to first shoot date(FSD),precipitation(PR)was negatively correlated with yield.From FSD to end of shoot date(ESD),the diurnal temperature range(DTR),mean maximum temperature(Tmmax)and daily average temperature(Tm)were significantly positively correlated with yield.From ESD to inflorescence date(ID),the RH was significantly negatively correlated with yield.There was a significantly negative correlation between PRD and RH and yield from first flowering date(FFD)to EFD.From FGP to FMD,the DTR was significantly positively correlated with yield.

关 键 词：荔枝 物候 气象因子 产量 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学] S161[农业科学—园艺学]