汉英不及物动词的单宾语构式对比研究  

A contrastive study of Chinese and English mono-transitive constructions

作　　者：刘琦[1] Liu Qi

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学外国语学院

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2024年第4期13-18,共6页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于汉英非典型单宾语比较的构式演变模型建构研究”(项目编号:21BYY049)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：基于对“走/walk”汉英单宾语各构式层级的对比分析与考察,本研究发现:(1)汉英单宾语具有共同的宏观构式、典型中观构式及部分微观构式,但汉语的非空间域构例频率高于英语,且微观构式和构例多于英语,构式能产性大于英语;(2)汉英单宾语的共性源于相同的泛域认知,而个性是因为跨域认知类型的差异。汉语的跨域认知基于直接泛域认知和间接泛域认知,英语只涉及直接泛域认知。本研究既对构例作微观描述,也对各层构式间横向和纵向关系作宏观构拟并进行对比,同时深度剖析汉英构式异同的认知理据,从而揭开跨语言非典型单宾语构式的神秘面纱。Based on the contrastive analysis and investigation of each constructional hierarchy of the zou(走)/walk mono-tran-sitive construction in Chinese and English,the study concludes that:(1)Chinese and English mono-transitive constructions share the same macro-construction,typical meso-construction and some micro-constructions,but they differ in that the fre-quency of Chinese non-spatial constructs is higher than that of English,and the number of Chinese micro-constructions and constructs is larger than that of English,and the productivity of construction is greater than that of English;(2)The similarities are due to the same domain-generalizing cognition,while the differences result from different types of domain-crossing cogni-tions.Chinese domain-crossing cognition is based on both direct domain-generalizing cognition and indirect one,but English only involves direct one.The study not only shows a microscopic description of constructs,but also makes a macroscopic de-scription and comparison of the horizontal and vertical relations between constructions of different levels.Cognitive motivations of the similarities and differences between Chinese and English constructions are deeply analyzed,thus the mystery of cross-linguistic atypical mono-transitive constructions unveiled.

关 键 词：不及物动词 单宾语构式 构式层级 宏观构式 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]