海洋保护区间生态连通性研究进展及思考  

Ecological connectivity of marine protected areas:an overview

作　　者：卢嘉颖 曹玲 曾聪 LU Jiaying;CAO Ling;ZENG Cong(School of Oceanography,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361012,Fujian,China;College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361012,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学海洋学院,上海200030 [2]厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361012 [3]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361012

出　　处：《自然保护地》2024年第4期107-121,共15页Natural Protected Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42206082);上海交通大学深蓝计划(SL2022PT110);上海交通大学新进教师启动计划(22X010503822)。

摘　　要：海洋保护区网络是保护生物多样性、维护生态系统完整性和提升种群恢复力的关键工具,其生态连通性作为有效设计和管理海洋保护区网络的重要参考而备受关注,然而关于生态连通性却很少被纳入我国海洋保护区的规划中。希望通过对已有关于保护区连通性的研究和案例的系统梳理,为我国海洋保护区网络生态连通性设计提供参考。本研究基于公开数据库,以海洋保护区和生态连通性为主要关键词进行搜索,系统总结生态连通性研究方法和影响因素,并结合影响因素分析国际上公认的成功案例,总结其运用经验。文献搜索显示,针对保护区的连通性研究主要集中在近20年,我国在此方面的研究仍比较匮乏。已有研究通常采用生物物理模型和遗传推断分析法等手段评估保护区的生态连通性。在全球已评估海洋保护区中,生态连通性良好的仅占44%,且各个国家和地区的情况差异较大。作为影响海洋保护区生态连通性的主要因素,海洋环境、生物特征、人类活动、气候变化是保护区网络规划实践中的重要考量。鉴于我国目前缺少保护区网络连通性研究与实践的现状,在对上述研究结果和案例进行综述的基础上,建议未来加强保护区生态连通性研究,同时未来保护区建设应综合考虑多因素影响。The marine protected area(MPA)network represents crucial instrument for the protection of biodiversity,the maintainance of ecosystem integrity and the enhancement of population resilience.Its ecological connectivity has attracted considerable attention as an important reference for the effective design and management of MPA networks.However,the concept of ecological connectivity has rarely been incorporated into the planning of MPAs in China.This study aims to provide a reference for the design of ecological connectivity in China’s MPA network by synthesising existing studies on the connectivity of protected areas.Based on publicly available databases,this study systematically summarized connectivity researches and influencing factors by searching for marine protected areas and ecological connectivity as the main keywords,and the summary was further combined the analysis of internationally recognized successful cases to reveal their application practices.The literature search showed that the researches on connectivity of protected areas were mainly concentrated in the last two decades,and there was still a lack of relevant publications in Chinese.Existing studies usually used biophysical modeling and genetic analysis to assess the ecological connectivity of protected areas.A mere 44%of the assessed MPAs worldwide exhibited good ecological connectivity with considerable regional variation.As the main factors affecting the ecological connectivity of MPAs,the marine environment,biological characteristics,human activities,and climate change were important considerations in the planning practice of protected area networks.Given the lack of research and practice on protected area network connectivity in China,we propose that future research on ecological connectivity of protected areas should be strengthened,and that the future construction of protected areas should be approached with a comprehensive consideration of the influence of multiple factors.

关 键 词：海洋保护区 生态连通性 生态廊道 迁徙与扩散 保护区管理 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学] Q178.1[天文地球—海洋科学]