液氢推进剂管道预冷仿真  

Liquid Hydrogen Propellent Pipe Line Transient Chilldown Numerical Modeling and Simulation

作　　者：匡以武 孟金龙 陆晨 孙礼杰 夏勤 高见 KUANG Yiwu;MENG Jinlong;LU Chen;SUN Lijie;XIA Qin;GAO Jian(Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturer Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 200245,China;Shanghai Aerospace Systems Engineering Institute,Shanghai 200245,China)

机构地区：[1]上海航天设备制造总厂,上海200245 [2]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海200245

出　　处：《工程热物理学报》2024年第12期3736-3742,共7页Journal of Engineering Thermophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(No.51906148);上海市青年科技启明星项目(No.23QB1401900)。

摘　　要：对于未来的深空探测任务,低温发动机通常需要多次启停。发动机启动前需要使用低温推进剂对管路进行预冷。对于低温上面级,也存在类似的预冷需求。管道预冷过程中推进剂消耗量与预冷时间相互矛盾,需要统筹权衡。有必要开展预冷特征研究并探寻高效预冷方式。针对管道预冷,分析了不同管道壁面过热度下典型换热机理,建立了非稳态仿真模型。仿真结果与NASA液氢管道预冷实验结果吻合良好,能够较好地反映液氢预冷过程中的壁面温度特征。预冷过程中,存在明显的气液夹带及液氢浪费。由于核态沸腾与膜态沸腾的共存,在壁温115 K左右可能出现预冷壁面热流密度的峰值。管壁径向热阻在预冷仿真中不可忽略。适时采用阶梯式预冷,可以显著降低液氢消耗。For the future deep space exploration missions,the cryogenic propulsion engines are ex-pected to be restartable for many times.Prior to the restart,it is required to chill down the cryogenic propellent pipe lines.Besides,for the cryogenic upper stage,there are also demands for the pipe line chilldown.During the chilling down,there is a tradeoff between the propellent consumption and chilldown time.It is necessary to conduct studies on the chilldown characteristics for cryogenic propellent pipe lines and find eficient chilldown methods.However,due to pipe wall temperature variation and cryogenic fuid properties,the chilldown process involves some complicated two-phase fow heat transfer mechanisms such as nucleate boiling,inverted annular film boiling and so on.In addition,some abnormal phenomenons are also observed.For example,transition boiling occurs at around 120 K of wall temperature,which is much higher than steady state experimental results.In this study,a transient numerical model for the liquid hydrogen pipe line chilldown is established.Different heat transfer mechanisms during the chilldown are analyzed.The numerical model simu-lation results agree well with NASA's hydrogen experimental data.According to the model,during the chilldow,large amount of liquid hydrogen is entrained by the vapor,which results in the waste of liquid hydrogen.The wall heat fux comes to its local maximum valve when the wall temperature is around 115 K.This is due to the coexistence of nucleate boiling and flm boiling.Thermal resistance of the pipe wall cannot be neglected.Using the multistep fow rate chilldown scheme can reduce the liquid hydrogen consumption of 27.5%without evident chilldown time extension.

关 键 词：推进剂 低温流体 两相流 预冷 数值仿真 

分 类 号：TK121[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]