基于视频观察法探索婴幼儿照养人强迫进食喂养行为现况  

A video observation study to explore the current situation of caregivers’pressure-to-eat feeding practices on infants and toddlers

作　　者：文羽洁 龙超 崔浩亮 方宇杰 王坤[1] 单旭阳 侯启春 安美静 周倩龄 WEN Yu Jie;LONG Chao;CUI Hao Liang;FANG Yu Jie;WANG Kun;SHAN Xu Yang;HOU Qi Chun;AN Mei Jing;ZHOU Qian Ling(School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;China Center for Health Development Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;National Center for Women and Children’s Health,NHC,PRC,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University(Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital),Beijing 100026,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191 [2]北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京100191 [3]国家卫生健康委妇幼健康中心,北京100081 [4]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院(北京妇幼保健院),北京100026

出　　处：《中国妇幼卫生杂志》2024年第6期30-38,共9页Chinese Journal of Women and Children Health

基　　金：北京大学医学部大学生创新实验项目(201901);北京大学“双一流”科研经费项目(BMU2018YJ005)。

摘　　要：目的 描述6~24月龄婴幼儿照养人强迫进食喂养行为及拒绝仍喂、设法多喂和吃饱仍喂3个子行为现状,探索强迫进食喂养与研究对象一般特征之间的关联,以便全面了解和评估强迫进食行为,为促进科学喂养提供指导依据。方法 以20对健康婴幼儿及其照养人为研究对象,使用摄像机拍摄婴幼儿一日主餐的喂养和进食过程,对视频中照养人的强迫进食行为及子行为进行提取及分类编码。通过问卷收集研究对象的一般特征信息。对照养人强迫进食行为的分布进行描述,并采用Fisher检验、t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验探索强迫进食行为在不同特征研究对象间分布的差异性。结果 照养人中有18名(90.00%)采用了强迫进食行为。每餐强迫进食行为次数中位数为2.50次,每餐强迫进食总时长中位数为31.17 s,单次强迫进食时长中位数为13.50 s。照养人在早餐采用强迫进食的概率最高、次数最多。三种子行为的出现概率和次数由高到低排序为:拒绝仍喂>设法多喂>吃饱仍喂。是否出现强迫进食与照养人的年龄(P=0.01)、体质指数(P=0.03)、婴幼儿所属产次(P=0.02)相关;强迫进食次数与母亲学历相关(P=0.03);设法多喂与父亲年龄相关(P=0.03);是否吃饱仍喂(P <0.05)及吃饱仍喂次数(P=0.03)与婴幼儿年龄相关。结论 强迫进食是一种常见的不合理的喂养行为,且与照养人、父母及婴幼儿的一般特征相关。应加强照养人科学喂养知识的教育,促进其采用良好喂养行为。Objective To describe caregivers’pressure-to-eat feeding practices and its three sub-categorical behaviors,which are continue feeding at refusals,trying to feed more,and full but still feeding,on infants and toddlers aged 6 to 24 months,and to analyze the differences in practices across different general characteristics of caregivers,infants and toddlers.This study would provide comprehensive understanding and evaluation of pressure-to-eat feeding practices,and serve as a reference in the promotion of optimal feeding practice.Methods A total of 20 pairs of healthy infant-caregivers participated in this study.Videos were recorded during children’s main meals within a normal day by camera.Pressure-to-eat feeding practice and its three sub-categorical behaviors were extracted,coded,and categorized.General characteristics of caregivers,infants and toddlers were collected through questionnaire.The distribution of pressure-to-eat feeding practice and its three sub-categorical behaviors was described.Fisher’s test,independent sample t test,and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to examine the differences of pressure-to-eat feeding and its three sub-categorical behaviors across different general characteristics of caregivers,infants and toddlers.Results Eighteen participants(90.00%)had used pressure-to-eat feeding practices.The median times of the caregivers used pressure-to-eat feeding practices was 2.50 per meal.The median total duration of pressure-to-eat feeding was 31.17 seconds per meal.The median average duration of pressure-to-eat feeding was 13.50 seconds.Caregivers were most likely to use pressure-to-eat feeding during breakfast,with the highest frequency.The occurrence probability and frequency of the three sub-categorical behaviors,from high to low,are as follows:continue feeding at refusals,trying to feed more,and full but still feeding.The presence of pressure to eat was associated with caregivers’age(P=0.01),BMI(P=0.03),and child’s order(P=0.02).The number of pressure-to-eat was related to mother�

关 键 词：强迫进食 视频观察 照养人 婴幼儿 

分 类 号：R174.4[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]