土坷垃与泥圪塔:认识和表征土壤团聚体系统的生态系统功能及服务  

Dust or Dirt:Understand and Characterize the Ecosystem Functions and Services Provided by Soil Aggregate System

作　　者：赵正[1,2] 刘成 冯潇 陈硕桐 龚静雯 刘志伟 王燕[1,2] 夏少攀[1,2] 刘晓雨[1,2] 卞荣军 张旭辉 程琨[1,2] 郑聚锋[1,2] 李恋卿[1,2] 潘根兴[1,2] ZHAO Zheng;LIU Cheng;FENG Xiao;CHEN Shuotong;GONG Jingwen;LIU Zhiwei;WANG Yan;XIA Shaopan;LIU Xiaoyu;BIAN Rongjun;ZHANG Xuhui;CHENG Kun;ZHENG Jufeng;LI Lianqing;PAN Genxing(Department of Soil Science,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Resource,Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;School of Environment and Resources,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310008,China;Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering,Taiyuan Institute of Technology,Taiyuan 030008,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源环境学院土壤学系,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,江苏南京210095 [3]浙江科技大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310008 [4]太原工业学院环境与安全工程系,山西太原030008 [5]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2024年第10期987-1008,共22页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:42077082,41771332,40830528)资助.

摘　　要：土壤生态系统功能与服务是土壤支撑地球环境和全球社会可持续发展的基石。土壤团聚体系统是土壤形成的物质基础,也是土壤和这些生态系统功能与服务的物质支撑。通过总结土壤有机碳积累和稳定、生物多样性保持及土壤酶活性与微域生物地球化学过程调控等关键生态系统功能和服务,探讨了它们与土壤团聚体系统发育的关系,特别是对团聚体性质及功能的测试方法及数据处理方法进行了详细梳理,并对这些方法如何促进人们对土壤团聚体系统的科学认识进行了总结。着重分析讨论了土壤团聚体系统作为多样化微域空间对土壤固碳、生物多样性和酶活性的调节或控制机制,强调了团聚体颗粒—孔隙系统的多样性与这些功能和服务的多样化提供的关系,提出团聚体系统的多样性是理解和诠释土壤对于生态系统多样性发育及其可持续服务的重要视角。同时,通过案例研究的数据挖掘和分析提出了改进的试验分析数据表达方法,以便客观反映土壤团聚体系统在土壤功能和服务中的基础作用,以及人类管理活动对这些功能和服务的改善和提升作用,以此指导土壤的可持续管理。最后,讨论了土壤团聚体系统研究在土壤与环境可持续发展关系研究中的重要性,建议将土壤团聚体系统视作土壤最基础的功能单元,而不仅仅是野外(田间)活动的直接受体。总之,土壤团聚体系统在地球生物地球化学循环和土壤健康中扮演着关键角色,因而需要对其进行长期且深入的系统研究,并建立全球统一的土壤团聚体系统生态过程、功能的分析和表征方法框架。现代土壤学的发展以促进土壤健康和推动可持续发展为目标,其核心基础在于对土壤团聚体系统的深入研究和理解。Ecosystem functions and services provided by soil in earth surface has been considered as the key foundation supporting global society and environment sustainability.All of these functions and services are closely linked to aggregate hierarchy system of the soil cover.In this review,key ecosystem functions and services provided by soil including accumulation and stabilization of organic carbon,biodiversity conservation,Extracellular Enzyme Activities(EEAs)mediating biogeochemical cycling are overviewed linking to development of aggregate hierarchy system.In particular,understanding these functions and services by aggregate system in line with methodology updating of aggregate separation,characterization and data analysis/synthesis are discussed in depth.The discussions are focused on potential mechanistic linkage of multi-functions of these soil carbon sequestration,microbial diversity protection and EEAs modulation to the diverse micro-scale spatial pattern of the different hierarchies of aggregate size fractions.Following,the dual structure of soil aggregates and the associated pore system is highlighted in the diverse provisioning of the above mentioned functions and services.In the way,we point to the diversity of the aggregate-pore structure of the hierarchy aggregate systems of or within a soil as the key to understand the formation and development of the above mentioned functions and services for a give soil system.Meanwhile,through re-visiting and exploring the original data in some cases of soil aggregate studies published,we propose some novel methods for better characterizing the key roles of soil aggregate system in provisioning the ecosystem services and the improvement with rational practices or reasonable interference so as to guide sustainable soil management.Finally,comments on the importance of soil aggregate study in the research of Earth system sustainability.We urge a holistic understanding of soil aggregates as fundamental soil functioning units,instead of a direct agent in field process.Con

关 键 词：土壤团聚体系统 团聚体固碳 微生物生境 生物多样性 酶活性 功能多样性 

分 类 号：P934[天文地球—自然地理学] S15[农业科学—土壤学]