稳就业的政治经济学分析  

Political Economic Analysis of Stabilizing Employment

作　　者：乔晓楠[1,2] 韩雪歌 李欣 瞿王城 Qiao Xiaonan;Han Xuege;Li Xin;Qu Wangcheng(School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Center for Studies of Political Economy,Nankai University,Tianjin 30071,China;Economics and Management School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,300071 [2]南开大学政治经济学研究中心,300071 [3]武汉大学经济与管理学院,430072

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第9期3-23,共21页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“劳动力要素市场化配置中的效率增进与协同推进共同富裕路径研究”(22&ZD055);国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代贸易强国建设的政治经济学研究”(20BJL046);教育部哲学社会科学研究专项(党的二十大精神研究)“全体人民共同富裕实现路径研究”(23JD20103)的资助。

摘　　要：稳就业是当前经济工作的重点之一。本文基于马克思主义政治经济学原理,提出了一个在社会再生产与经济循环的总过程中研究就业的理论框架。在供给侧,工资变动会影响生产部门企业的技术选择和资本有机构成,进而影响全劳动生产率和就业吸纳能力。在需求侧,消费和投资均构成总需求,而工资和利润又分别为消费与积累的来源,因而收入分配将影响总需求、产能利用水平与就业规模。利用数理政治经济学模型,针对2002—2020年投入产出表与中国劳动统计年鉴的数据进行计算及计量分析的结果表明,当前中国经济具有工资主导型特征,提高劳动者的工资水平有利于提高总需求与产能利用水平,而且消费的就业吸纳能力较投资更强。因此,向劳动者倾斜调节收入分配将有利于稳就业。具体而言,需要在全面实施就业优先战略的基础上,一方面完善分配制度,保持工资增速不低于全劳动生产率增速,进而提高劳动报酬占比;另一方面健全就业支持与服务体系,提高社会保障程度及公共服务均等化水平。Stabilizing employment is one of the key focuses of current economic work.Based on the principles of Marxist political economy,this article proposes a theoretical framework for studying employment in the overall process of social reproduction and economic cycle.On the supply side,wage fluctuations will affect the productive sector enterprises’choices of technology and its organic composition of capital,thereby affecting total labor productivity and employment absorptive capacity.On the demand side,consumption and investment both constitute total demand,while wages and profits are sources of consumption and accumulation respectively,so income distribution will affect total demand,capacity utilization and employment.Using mathematical political economy models,calculations and econometric analyses based on the input-output tables from 2002 to 2020 and data from the China Labor Statistical Yearbook reveal that the current Chinese economy is"wage-led"and raising workers'wage levels is beneficial for increasing total demand and capacity utilization.Moreover,the employment absorption capacity of consumption is stronger than that of investment.Therefore,tilting income towards labor will contribute to stabilizing employment.Specifically,on the basis of fully implementing the employment priority strategy,on the one hand,it is necessary to improve the distribution system and maintain wage growth rate not lower than total labor productivity growth rate,thereby increasing the proportion of labor remuneration.On the other hand,we need to improve the employment support and service systems,enhance social security and equalize public services.

关 键 词：就业 收入分配 技术选择 需求结构 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]