税收激励与企业能源效率--来自增值税转型的证据  

Tax Incentives and Energy Efficiency:Evidence from the Value-Added Tax Reform in China

作　　者：刘聪聪 申广军 王俊 Liu Congcong;Shen Guangjun;Wang Jun(School of Internal Audit,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211815,China;Lingnan College,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学内部审计学院,211815 [2]中山大学岭南学院,510275

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2024年第9期150-170,共21页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“促进低碳发展的税收制度研究:宏观效应与微观机制”(72273157);教育部人文社科规划基金项目“‘碳达峰碳中和’背景下我国工业企业的能源效率”(22YJA790049)的资助。

摘　　要：在“稳增长”的同时,如何实现“碳达峰碳中和”的政策目标?提高能源利用效率是解决这一问题的关键。本文构建了理论模型分析税收激励对企业能源利用效率的影响,并利用2004-2009年增值税转型的外生冲击,基于中国工业企业数据库与中国工业企业污染排放数据库的匹配数据进行实证检验。研究发现,增值税转型显著提高了企业的能源利用效率。主要机制是,增值税转型一方面促进了企业的固定资产投资(特别是环保设备的投资)和创新活动,另一方面提高了企业的规模经济效益,进而提升了能源利用效率。本文的研究发现有助于更好地发挥财税政策在平衡“低碳”与“增长”中的作用。How to achieve the policy goals of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"while maintaining"stable growth"?Improving energy efficiency is key to addressing this issue.This pa-per constructs a theoretical model to analyze the impact of tax incentives on corporate energy effi-ciency and empirically tests it using the exogenous shock of the value-added tax(VAT)reform from 2004 to 2009.The test is based on matched data from the China Industrial Enterprise Database and the China Industrial Enterprise Pollution Emission Database.This study finds that the VAT reform significantly improved corporate energy efficiency.The main mechanism is that,on the one hand,the VAT reform promoted corporate fixed asset investment(especially in environmental protection equipment)and innovation activities;on the other hand,it improved energy efficiency through economies of scale.The findings of this paper contribute to a better utilization of fiscal and tax policies in balancing"low carbon"and"growth".

关 键 词：税收激励 能源效率 低碳发展 碳达峰碳中和 增值税转型 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学] F425