甲烷变化及其气候效应的研究进展  

DOI:10.13338/j.issn.1674-649x.2024.06.003 Research advance in changes and climate effect of methane

作　　者：韩元元 李申涛 李昕 温凯旋 王旭东 HAN Yuanyuan;LI Shentao;LI Xin;WEN Kaixuan;WANG Xudong(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《西安工程大学学报》2024年第6期17-28,共12页Journal of Xi’an Polytechnic University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42275084);陕西省青年托举人才计划项目(20230713)。

摘　　要：甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,对全球气候具有重要影响。为了帮助我国更好地评估未来甲烷的变化,以此制定甲烷减排政策,确保“双碳”目标的顺利实施,论文系统回顾了近几十年大气甲烷的变化规律、变化机制及其气候效应等研究进展。近几十年来,全球甲烷呈显著增加趋势,其原因主要包括自然湿地等自然源排放的增加和化石燃料燃烧、水稻种植等人类活动的频繁。对流层甲烷增加不仅能够改变对流层的辐射平衡,导致全球变暖;还能通过与氮氧化物反应,影响对流层臭氧的生成,间接影响对流层辐射强迫。平流层甲烷增加则通过光化学反应等化学过程对全球气候产生影响。根据模型预测,未来全球甲烷含量将持续增加,将显著贡献全球的温度上升。伴随着各国甲烷减排的开展,如何实现甲烷高效减排,平衡甲烷减排和经济发展的关系,值得进一步研究。Methane is the second-largest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and has a significant impact on global climate.In order to assist China in better assessing future methane variations,thereby formulating methane emission reduction policies and ensuring the successful implementation of the"dual carbon"goals,this paper systematically reviews research progress on the patterns of atmospheric methane changes,their mechanisms,and climate effects over the past few decades.It is found that in recent decades,global methane levels have shown a significant increasing trend,primarily due to increased emissions from natural sources such as wetlands and frequent human activities like fossil fuel combustion and rice cultivation.Increasing methane in the troposphere can alter the radiative balance,leading to global warming.It can also affect tropospheric ozone indirectly by reacting with nitrogen oxides,thus influencing tropospheric radiative forcing.The increase in stratospheric methane affects global climate through chemical processes such as photochemical reactions.According to model predictions,global methane levels are expected to continue rising in the future,leading to an estimated global temperature increase.As countries implement methane emission reduction efforts,further research is needed to address how to achieve efficient methane reduction while balancing it with economic development.

关 键 词：甲烷 温室气体 臭氧层 双碳 碳排放 气候效应 

分 类 号：P426.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]