机械化学法制备Cu/Fe复合粉末及性能研究  

Mechanochemical Preparation and Properties of Cu/Fe Composite Powder

作　　者：张将 贺会军 付东兴 班丽卿 王林山 李楠楠 Zhang Jiang;He Huijun;Fu Dongxing;Ban Liqing;Wang Linshan;Li Nannan(Metal Powder Materials Industrial Technology Research Institute of GRINM,Beijing 101407,China;GRIPM Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China;General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,Beijing 100088,China;GRIPM Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407,China)

机构地区：[1]中国有研科技集团有限公司金属粉体材料产业技术研究院,北京101407 [2]有研粉末新材料股份有限公司,北京101407 [3]北京有色金属研究总院,北京100088 [4]北京有研粉末新材料研究院有限公司,北京101407

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第10期1417-1425,共9页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0204601);有研科技集团有限公司青年基金项目(042305001)资助。

摘　　要：采用机械化学法制备Cu/Fe复合粉末,利用机械力使Cu_(2)O粉分布在Fe粉颗粒表面,经不同挤压力与剪切力作用,增强界面结合力,再经高温还原制备包覆均匀的Cu/Fe复合粉末。与化学置换法制备的复合粉末进行对比,结果表明:机械化学法制备的复合粉末表现出更好的压制性,在相同的压制力(200~400 MPa)下,压坯密度高达0.14~0.22 g·cm^(-3);在相同的压坯密度(5.4~6.2 g·cm^(-3))下,压坯强度高近50%;将Cu/Fe-1复合粉末与Cu/Fe-2复合粉末进行压制、烧结处理,由于Cu原子的固体扩散,所得的烧结体中Cu元素形成均匀分布的网状结构,限制Fe-Fe的联结,在压溃实验中具有明显的韧性断裂特征;Cu/Fe-1复合粉末与Cu/Fe-2复合粉末的烧结性能接近,烧结体的径向压溃强度分别为308和306 MPa,开孔率分别为19.8%和19.6%。Powder metallurgy is a process of forming and sintering metal materials using metal powders as raw materials.The mechanical mixture of iron powder and copper powder is often used in the preparation of traditional powder metallurgy sintered parts.Due to the difference of bulk density between iron powder and copper powder,the mixed powder has a tendency to segregate,resulting in uneven distribution of powder,which affects the quality and performance of parts.In order to solve this problem,the copper-coated iron composite powder was developed.The copper-coated iron composite powder had coating integrity in the microscopic view and homogeneity in the macroscopic view,which could effectively avoid the problem of uneven distribution of components.At present,the preparation methods of the copper-coated iron composite powder mainly included mixed diffusion,chemical replacement and mechanochemical.The composite powder prepared by mixed diffusion was prone to problems such as low interfacial bonding strength and uneven coating.Chemical replacement was one of the most commonly used methods to prepare copper-coated iron composite powder in industry.However,Cu layer on the surface of the composite powder prepared by chemical replacement was loose and easy to oxidize.Further,a large amount of waste water and slag would be produced in the preparation process,resulting in environmental pollution and waste of resources.The mechanochemical method using high-energy ball milling as mechanical force was easy to introduce impurities,and had a long preparation cycle,which was not suitable for industrial production.To improve this situation,it was necessary to develop a new preparation technology suitable for the copper-coated iron composite powder.The copper-coated iron composite powder was prepared by a new mechanochemical method.The mechanical force was used to make Cu_(2)O powder adhere to the surface of Fe powder particles.Under the action of different extrusion pressures and shear forces,the interfacial bonding force was enhanced,

关 键 词：Cu/Fe复合粉末 机械化学 压制性 烧结性能 

分 类 号：TF124[冶金工程—粉末冶金]