酸助剂对现场混装乳化炸药敏化速率的影响研究  

Study of the Effect of Acid Additives on the Sensitization Rate of On-site Mixing Emulsion Explosive

作　　者：黄乾悦 冯章启 樊保龙 葛立芳 方志梅 倪林 吴攀宇 魏国 HUANG Qian-yue;FENG Zhang-qi;FAN Bao-long;GE Li-fang;FANG Zhi-mei;NI Lin;WU Pan-yu;WEI Guo(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,210094;Anhui Jiangnan Chemical Industry Co.Ltd.,Hefei,230088;Ningguo Branch of Anhui Jiangnan Chemical Industry Co.Ltd.,Ningguo,242300)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]安徽江南化工股份有限公司,安徽合肥230088 [3]安徽江南化工股份有限公司宁国分公司,安徽宁国242300

出　　处：《火工品》2025年第1期55-61,共7页Initiators & Pyrotechnics

基　　金：中国兵器民品开发费项目(JM2022031)

摘　　要：为探讨酸助剂对现场混装乳化炸药敏化速率的影响,本研究通过改变酸助剂的种类、浓度和添加量来优化炸药的性能和安全性,通过测量基质发泡高度来计算乳化炸药密度。结果表明:草酸作为酸助剂时能显著提升现场混装乳化炸药基质的敏化速率,最大可以达到0.03 g·cm-3·min^(-1),而硝酸助剂的敏化速率最低,最大仅为0.008 g·cm^(-3)·min^(-1)。研究发现:弱酸助剂的氢离子(H+)电离能力是影响敏化速率的关键因素,而强酸与亚硝酸钠的副反应和气泡逸出效应会降低强酸助剂的敏化速率;当选择草酸作为酸助剂时,增大草酸的浓度和添加量可以进一步提高敏化速率。本研究为现场混装乳化炸药的定制化提供了理论支撑。In order to study the effect of different acid additives on the sensitization rate of on-site mixing emulsion explosive,the performance and safety of explosives were optimized by changing the type,concentration and amount of acid additives,and the density of emulsion explosive was calculated by measuring the foaming height of the matrix.The results show that oxalic acid can significantly increase the sensitization rate of the matrix to the maximum of 0.03 g·cm^(-3)·min^(-1),while the sensitization rate of nitric acid additive is the lowest,and the maximum is only 0.008 g·cm^(-3)·min^(-1).It is found that the hydrogen ions(H^(+))ionization ability of weak acid additives is the key factor affecting the sensitization rate,the side reaction of strong acid and sodium nitrite,and bubble escape effect will reduce the sensitization rate of strong acid additives;When oxalic acid is selected as acid additive,increasing the concentration and amount of oxalic acid can further improve the sensitization rate.The study provides theoretical support for the customization of mixed emulsion explosives in the field.

关 键 词：乳化炸药 酸助剂 现场混装 敏化速率 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560.6[化学工程—炸药化工]