跨国移民飞地的“传统模式”与“广州模式”比较——基于全球、地方和个人尺度的分析框架的探讨  

Comparing"Western Classic Mode"and"Guangzhou Mode"of Transnational Immigrant Urban Enclaves:Three Logics at Global,Local,and Individual Scales

作　　者：金鑫 林俊帆 黄旭 Jin Xin;Lin Junfan;Huang Xu(Department of Human Geography and Urban Regional Planning,Utrecht University,Utrecht 3584CS,Netherlands;School of Tourism and Cooking,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]乌特勒支大学人文地理与城市区域规划系,荷兰乌特勒支3584CS [2]扬州大学旅游烹饪学院,江苏扬州225127 [3]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第12期2292-2302,共11页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371234);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(21YJAZH030)。

摘　　要：文章通过从全球、地方和个人3个层面的分析框架解释和比较西方与中国背景下跨国移民飞地的形成机制的异同,即“传统模式”(留鸟型根据地模式)与“广州模式”(候鸟型栖息地模式)的相似与差异。结果表明,“传统模式”主要是基于劳动型移民从南到北的迁移过程,形成以永久性的居住导向的移民方式;在地方层面形成基于市场逻辑的住房供给和需求在城市中产生的空间集聚效应;个人层面的偏好和资源加强了飞地的空间集聚效应。而“广州模式”是基于草根型企业家从南到南的迁移过程,形成暂时性的商业导向的移民方式;在地方层面形成基于空间治理背景下于城市中产生的空间割裂现象;个体层面,非洲移民企业家导向的迁移动机决定了其居住偏好和空间选择,同时非洲人的合法/非法地位和地方政策法规的执行之间的关系,改变了非洲社区的空间分布——非洲社区形成以商贸为中心,居住多点分散的空间形态。China's rapid development has attracted various transnational immigrants,including knowledge workers,refugees,entrepreneurs,students,artists,and other middle-and high-income groups of diverse origins.These transnational immigrants often disperse across Chinese cities,but mostly congregating in specific urban spaces,forming different types of immigrant enclaves with socio-spatial implications.In the literature on the incorporation of immigrants,the immigrant enclaves are often viewed as"springboard,""gateway city,"or"arrival neighborhood."This indicates that enclaves can provide immigrants various functions for livelihood,such as social and emotional support,job opportunities,etc.,to resist the hostility from the host society,and offer opportunities for social and economic upward mobility.This leads to immigrants'integration into the mainstream society in the form of"spatial assimilation."Based on the review of various resources such as newspapers,reports,and research articles,this study aims to analyze the formation mechanism of the"Guangzhou African enclave"from an analytical framework of global,local,and individual levels,and compares it to the Western classic mode,questioning whether the"African enclave"could function as an"arrival neighborhood."The results show that the"Western classic mode"is based on the migration of labor force from the south to the north,resulting in a permanent residence-oriented migration phenomenon,and the enclave functions as an anchoring space for immigrants.At the global level,the dual division of labor force induces low-skilled migration,particularly,from the global south to the global north for a better life,and thus,these migrations congregate in specific urban spaces and form enclaves.At the local level,a spatial agglomeration is created following the logic of housing market,with a combination of housing supply and demand in the city.At the individual level,the preferences and resources/capitals of migrant individuals deeply impact the formation of migrant enclaves.However,the r

关 键 词：国际移民 飞地 广州非洲移民 留鸟型根据地模式 候鸟型栖息地模式 

分 类 号：D669[政治法律—政治学]