欧盟《人工智能法》的域外适用与中国方案建构  

Extraterritorial Effect of EU AI Act and China s Response Strategy

作　　者：何晶晶[1] HE Jingjing(Institute of International Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100720,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院国际法研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第6期72-85,共14页Journal of Yangzhou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的理论基础和实施方案”(23ZDA073)。

摘　　要：欧盟凭借自身的市场规模和监管能力,在越来越多领域不断扩展欧盟法的域外适用范围。欧盟通过《人工智能法》,成为全球主要经济体的首个人工智能监管立法。为传播欧盟数字人权的价值观、维护欧盟人工智能市场竞争权和抢占国际人工智能领域的规则制定权,欧盟《人工智能法》将通过人权的普适性、先行规则的模范示范作用、严格执法等路径继续发挥欧盟立法的域外适用效果。但考虑到人工智能技术的复杂性、全球规则分化、监管能力不足等因素,《人工智能法》的域外适用效应可能受限。在全球人工智能治理竞争背景下,中国应以加强人工智能治理为契机参与全球数字人权治理、选择性吸收欧盟《人工智能法》的有益内容、以“互利共赢”为导向参与国际人工智能规则制定,为推动人工智能全球治理提供科学方案、贡献中国智慧。Leveraging its market size and regulatory capacity,the EU continues to expand the extraterritorial application of EU law in increasingly more areas.Recently,the EU passed AI Act,becoming the first major economy to introduce AI regulatory legislation.EU AI Act will continue to exert extraterritorial effects through various pathways,including the universality of human rights,the exemplary role of pioneering rules,and strict law enforcement,to promote EU digital human rights values,maintain EU AI market competition rights,and secure rule-making authority in the international AI field.However,the extraterritorial effect of AI Act may be limited due to the complexity of AI technology,global rule fragmentation,and insufficient regulatory capacity.Against the backdrop of global AI governance competition,China should seize the opportunity of strengthening AI governance to participate in global digital human rights governance,selectively absorb beneficial elements from EU AI Act,participate in international AI rule-making with a “mutual benefit and win-win”orientation.Through these efforts,China can contribute scientific solutions and wisdom to global AI governance.

关 键 词：《人工智能法》 数字人权 布鲁塞尔效应 域外适用 人工智能治理 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]