基于线粒体DNA比较中国、日本与美国熊本牡蛎群体遗传多样性  

A comparison of the mitochondrial DNA-based genetic diver-sity of Kumamoto oyster populations from China,Japan,and the United States

作　　者：宣益聪 常广秋 刘圣 林志华[1,2] 薛清刚 XUAN Yicong;CHANG Guangqiu;LIU Sheng;LIN Zhihua;XUE Qinggang(Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource,Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315100,China;Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry,Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315100,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江万里学院浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江宁波315100 [2]浙江万里学院宁海海洋生物种业研究院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《海洋科学》2024年第9期24-33,共10页Marine Sciences

基　　金：宁波市重点研发计划(2023Z125);国家自然科学基金(32073010;32002428);宁波市“泛3315”创新团队;浙江万里学院基本科研业务费(SC1032080180110)。

摘　　要：为研究熊本牡蛎养殖群体与野生群体的遗传多样性,采集来自中国(浙江、南通、福建、广西、广东)、日本的6个野生群体以及美国的养殖群体共188个熊本牡蛎。对每个牡蛎的细胞色素氧化酶C亚基I(COI)和线粒体非编码区(MNR)序列进行扩增并测序,随后对其遗传多样性、遗传结构进行分析。结果表明中国的野生群体均有较高的遗传多样性,并且在MNR序列中有更多的单倍型多样性,而日本和美国群体则相对较少。在COI序列中,中国5个群体间的遗传分化系数FST较小(-0.01557~0.00165),而与美、日群体间的FST要高很多(>0.2),而美国、日本群体间的FST较低(0.00822)。在MNR序列中表现出了基本一致的结果,但是美、日群体间也存在较大且显著的遗传分化(FST=0.10968),显示线粒体非编码区在群体遗传学研究中较大潜力。AMOVA分析以及单倍型网络图都揭示了中国群体与美、日群体间存在着遗传分化,并且美、日群体间存在着一定的亲缘关系,与引种历史一致。综上所述,中国的熊本牡蛎野生群体有高水平的遗传多样性,5个群体间也不存在遗传分化,而日本的野生群体面临着种质资源衰退的问题,美国的养殖群体也由于多代人工培育表现出较低的遗传多样性水平,并且与中国群体有着明显的遗传分化。本研究为后续选择育种群体以及杂交育种群体组合提供了参考。A total of 188 Kumamoto oysters were collected from six wild populations in China(Nantong,Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,and Guangxi),Japan,and the United States to study the genetic diversity of cultured and wild populations.The cytochrome oxidase C subunit I(COI)and mitochondrial noncoding region(MNR)of each oyster were amplified and sequenced,and their genetic diversity and structure were analyzed.The results showed that the wild Chinese population had greater genetic diversity and more haplotype diversity in MNR sequences,whereas the Japanese and American populations had relatively lesser genetic diversity.Regarding the COI sequence,the genetic differentiation coefficient(FST)among the five Chinese populations was lower(-0.01557–0.00165),while the FST between the Chinese populations and the American,Japanese populations was much higher,and the FST between the American and Japanese populations was also lower(0.00822).The results of the MNR sequences analysis were consistent,but with a large and significant genetic differentiation between the American and Japanese populations(0.10968),indicating the great potential of MNR sequences in population genetics.AMOVA and haplotype network maps revealed genetic variations between the Chinese,American,and Japanese populations.However,a certain kinship occurred between the American and Japanese populations,which was consistent with their introduction history.The wild Chinese Kumamoto oyster population exhibited broader genetic diversity,with no genetic differ-entiation among the five populations.In contrast,the wild Japanese population is at risk of germplasm resource decline.Additionally,the cultured American population also exhibited narrow genetic diversity due to multiple generations of artificial selection and aquaculture,with obvious genetic variations from the Chinese population.This study provides a reference for the subsequent selection of breeding populations and the combination of cross-breeding populations.

关 键 词：熊本牡蛎 COI MNR 遗传多样性 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S931.5[农业科学—渔业资源]