利用微生物法两步发酵从虾壳中提取甲壳素的绿色制备工艺研究  

Green preparation of chitin from shrimp shells by two-step fermentation using microbiological method

作　　者：周忆 杨皓月[1] 邢荣娥[1] 刘松[1] 于华华[1] 李克成[1] 李鹏程[1] ZHOU Yi;YANG Haoyue;XING Ronge;LIU Song;YU Huahua;LI Kecheng;LI Pengcheng(Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所实验海洋生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《海洋科学》2024年第9期94-102,共9页Marine Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2022CXGC020413);国家自然科学基金(42276097;41976096);山东省优青(ZR2022YQ37)。

摘　　要：虾壳是目前甲壳素的最主要来源。作为一种环保高效的方法,采用脱钙、脱蛋白2种菌株分别作用的两步发酵法已被应用于从虾壳中提取甲壳素。首先,本文从不同来源分离得到产酸菌株植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)及产蛋白酶菌株铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),进一步优化发酵条件,在最佳条件下采用两步发酵提取虾壳中的甲壳素,进一步采用10%H2O2脱色,其中先脱蛋白后脱钙的顺序综合表现出的钙和蛋白质的去除率更高,所得脱钙率及脱蛋白率分别为(96.92±0.07)%及(78.46±1.29)%。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得产物进行表征,发现其与商用甲壳素结构相似度高,结晶指数为78.70%,微观结构表现为纤维状并带有孔隙。以上结果表明,利用这2种微生物进行两步发酵法可获得较高纯度的甲壳素。本研究为利用微生物法有效提取虾壳来源的甲壳素提供了参考。Shrimp shells are currently the most important source of chitin.An environmentally friendly and efficient two-step fermentation method,i.e.,demineralization(DM)and deproteinization(DP),has been employed to extract chitin from shrimp shells.In this study,an acid-producing strain(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum)and a prote-ase-producing strain(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)were isolated from different sources and used to extract chitin from shrimp shells using a two-step fermentation method under optimal conditions,followed by decolorization with 10%H2O2.The sequence of DP followed by DM demonstrated superior calcium and protein removal,achieving 96.92%±0.07%and 78.46%±1.29%,respectively.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the product,all of which indicated a high degree of structural simi-larity to commercial chitin.The crystallization index was 78.70%,and the microstructure revealed a fibrous struc-ture with pores.These results indicated that the two-step fermentation method yields chitin of higher purity.This study provides a valuable reference for the effective extraction of chitin from shrimp shells using microbiological methods.

关 键 词：Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Pseudomonas aeruginosa 微生物法 甲壳素提取 

分 类 号：P746[天文地球—海洋科学]