从侍卫到帝婿——两晋南朝驸马都尉述论  

From Attendant Officer to Imperial Son-in-law:A Discussion on the Side-horse Duwei of the Double-Jin and Southern Dynasties

作　　者：刘军 Liu Jun

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2024年第11期26-38,共13页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中古鲜卑拓跋氏士族化进程研究”(项目编号:19BZS056)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：驸马都尉是中国古代极特殊的官职,起初只是管理皇帝副车或副马的事务官。后来充当优礼勋臣贵戚的侍从荣衔,两晋南朝几经变换成为帝婿的专有称谓。驸马都尉由侍从到帝婿的转变,唯有联系中古门阀士族体制及相应的阀阅流品规则,才能得到比较合理的解释。两晋至刘宋前叶,驸马都尉中侍从奉朝请与帝婿并存,主要由世资三品以上之一流高门担任,随着奉朝请的虚滥式微,帝婿一支独大,约略于宋孝武帝时专称驸马都尉。驸马都尉的仕进与其阀阅等第紧密关联,本身既可释褐起家,亦能担当迁转阶梯,历仕清显要职,确保以三品中央实权部门长官登顶,从而实现身份地位的翻版复制。南朝自刘宋中叶起,身为帝婿的驸马都尉的门第标准愈益严苛,仕进特权获得更多保障,充分彰显门阀政治亲贵至上的原则。The Side-horse Duwei was a very special official position in ancient China,initially only managing the affaires of the emperor's deputy chariot and horse.Latter,it served as the attendant and honored ralatives of the distinguished officials,and after several changes during the double-Jin and Southern dynasties,it became the exclusive title of the emperor's son-in-law.The transformation from the attendant to emperor'son-in-law can only be reasonably explained by linking it with the medieval system of the aristocratic family and corresponding rules of social status.From the double-Jin to the first half of the Liu Song dynasty period,the Side-horse Duwei Contains a dual attributes of the attendant officer and emperor's son-in-law titles.It was mainly held by first-class aristocrats owning the political background of third rank or above.With the decline of the imperial court,the emperor's son-in-law became dominant and the Side-horse Duwei was specifically referred to the identity during the reign of emperor Xiaowu of the Song dynasty.The career advancement of the imperial son-in-law was closely related to his rank and status.It can serve as the starting point for official career development and also take on the role of a transition ladder,holding important positions and ensuring that he was promoted to the position of third grade central authority head,thus achieving a replica of his identity and status.Since the middle period of Liu Song in the Southern dynasty,the family status standards of the Sidehorse Duwei became increasingly strict and his privileges in officialdom have been more guaranteed,fully demonstrating the principle of prioritizing kinship and nobility in aristocratic politics.

关 键 词：两晋南朝 驸马都尉 御前侍卫 帝婿 仕进 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]