19世纪至20世纪初美国白人文化精英对非洲的形象塑造  

Image of Africa Portrayed byWhite American Cultural Elites in the19th and Early 2oth Centuries

作　　者：王光伟 Wang Guangwei

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2024年第11期61-72,共12页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“历史记忆与非洲裔美国人身份认同研究”(项目批准号:23CSS019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“黑暗大陆”是19世纪至20世纪初美国白人文化精英塑造的关于非洲,尤其是撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲的负面形象。自古典时代以来,欧洲知识精英以自我为标尺观察和认知非洲,构成了“黑暗大陆”的历史起源。19世纪至20世纪初,受文化和种族中心主义的影响,以探险家、传教士等群体为代表的美国白人文化精英开始从非洲的自然环境、文化风俗及非洲人等角度,系统构建非洲作为“黑暗大陆”的他者形象,服务于美国社会对非洲裔美国人的种族压迫。The"Dark Continent"was a negative image of Africa,especially sub-Saharan Africa,created by American white cultural elites in the 19h and early 20th centuries.Since the classical times,European intellectual elites have observed and perceived Africa by self-scales,which constituted the historical origin of the"Dark Continent".From the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century,the American white cultural elites represented by explorers,missionaries and racists began to systematically construct the image of Africa as the"Dark Continent"from the perspective of Africa's natural environment,cultural customs and Africans under the influence of cultural centrism and ethnocentrism,serving the racial oppression of African Americans by American society.

关 键 词：“黑暗大陆” 非洲 美国白人文化精英 种族压迫 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]