人力资本扩张如何影响企业生产效率——基于工资扭曲异质性视角的实证研究  

How Does the Expansion of Human Capital Affect Enterprise Production Efficiency:Empirical Research Based on the Perspective of Wage Distortion Heterogeneity

作　　者：王必哲 徐扬 刘凡璠 WANG Bizhe;XU Yang;LIU Fanfan(School of Economics,Managerment and Law,Universily of South China,Hengyung 421101,China;Sdhool of Economics and Trade,Foshan Unineristy,Foshan 528225,China;0fice of Saentific Researches,Hunan Federation of Social Sciences,Changsha 410003,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学经济管理与法学学院,湖南衡阳421101 [2]佛山大学经济贸易学院,广东佛山528225 [3]湖南省社会科学界联合会科研处,长沙410003

出　　处：《云南财经大学学报》2025年第1期96-110,共15页Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“知识溢出影响创新地理的理论机制和实证研究:基于‘新’经济地理学的视角”(71673114);国家自然科学基金青年项目“产业融合背景下中国破解关键中间品供给不足的机理、实证与政策研究”(72403051);国家社会科学基金一般项目“世界经济政策不确定性对我国高端制造业产业链韧性影响与应对研究”(23BJY236)。

摘　　要：在经济发展方式转变以及世界经济形势发生深刻变革的现实背景下,重新审视人力资本扩张对企业生产效率的影响,对于促进中国经济高质量发展具有重要现实意义。基于中国劳动力市场普遍存在劳动力工资负向扭曲事实,借助高校扩招这一外生政策冲击构造准自然实验,以中国工业企业作为研究样本,系统考察工资扭曲异质性情形下人力资本扩张对企业生产效率的影响。研究结果表明,随着工资负向扭曲程度的增加,高校扩招引致的人力资本对企业生产效率的影响逐渐变小。针对工资扭曲程度较大企业的机制研究表明,人力资本扩张加剧了企业的劳动密集度和生产率偏度,抑制了企业的创新动力。研究结论为中国在高质量发展阶段深入实施人才强国战略提供了新的视角和经验证据。Against the backdrop of the changes in economic development patterns,and profound changes in the world economic situation,re-examining the impact of human capital expansion on enterprise production efficiency has important practical significance for promoting high-quality economic development.Based on the fact that there is a widespread negative distortion of labor wages in the Chinese labor market,and with the help of the exogenous policy shock of expanding enrollment in universities,the paper takes China's industrial enterprises as research samples and constructs a quasi-natural experiment to systematically examine the impact of human capital expansion on enterprise production efficiency under the heterogeneity of wage distortions.The research results indicate that as the degree of negative wage distortion increases,the impact of human capital brought by the expansion of university enrollment on enterprise production efficiency gradually decreases.Mechanism research on enterprises with high wage distortions shows that the expansion of human capital exacerbates labor intensity and productivity bias,which suppressed the innovation drive of enterprises.This study provides a new perspective and empirical evidence for the in-depth implementation of the strategy on developing a quality workforce in China's high-quality development stage.

关 键 词：高校扩招 人力资本扩张 劳动力工资扭曲 企业生产效率 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]