探空气球爆炸后下降阶段数据分析  

Data Analysis of Descent Stage after Sounding Ball Explosion

作　　者：塞丫 周雪松 李隆腾 崔益东 Sai Ya;Zhou Xuesong;Li Longteng;Cui Yidong(Hohhot Meteorological Bureau,Hohhot 010051,China)

机构地区：[1]呼和浩特市气象局,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《内蒙古气象》2024年第5期58-63,共6页Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia

摘　　要：探空气球爆炸后下降阶段数据是指其爆炸后,雷达继续跟踪探空仪进行探空观测直到探空仪落地,所得全部数据资料。2016年起,呼和浩特国家高空气象观测站正式开展了探空气球爆炸后下降阶段观测试验,试验获得大量探空仪下降阶段观测资料,文章所采用数据样本时间为2016年8月—2020年4月,目前观测试验仍在进行中。利用所获得下降阶段观测数据分析了探空仪上升和下降这两个阶段温度随气压的变化、湿度随气压的变化,发现下降段温度随气压的变化与上升段温度随气压的变化相比并没有出现较大的差异。虽然探空仪下降速度约等于5倍上升速度,但对比国产肠膜湿度传感器的误差,即使在下降阶段,碳膜电阻湿度传感器的时间常数也远远小于肠膜湿度传感器的时间常数。从温度随气压变化曲线的拟合性分析看,探空仪上升阶段曲线与下降阶段曲线,两者拟合优度(R^(2))≥0.997。多项式中,仅x的系数不一致,如果完全一致则延伸探空就没有意义,说明大气没有发生变化,失去预报价值;有量的变化,大气在运动,获得了变化量,就有了预报的意义。通过所得试验数据分析,呼和浩特高空站常规探空业务中,探空气球爆炸后探空数据的可用率约为72.1%。The data during descent after the explosion of sounding balloon refers to all the data detected after the sounding balloon explosion by tracking the sonde through radar until it lands on the ground.From 2016 until now,Hohhot National High-altitude Meteorological Observation Station has officially carried out observation tests on the descending stage after sounding ball explosion,and a large number of observation data have been detected.The variation of temperature and humidity with air pressure during ascent and descent were analyzed based on the test data from August 2016 to April 2020.It was found that there was no significant difference between the temperature variation with air pressure in the descending stage and that in the ascending stage.Although the descent speed of the radiosonde was about five times the ascent speed,the time constant of the carbon film resistance humidity sensor was much smaller than that of the intestinal membrane humidity sensor even in the descending stage,compared with the error of the domestic intestinal membrane humidity sensor.According to the fitting analysis of the temperature change curve with pressure,the goodness of fit(R^(2))of the curves during ascent and descent were higher than 0.997.In polynomials,only the coefficients of x were inconsistent,indicating that the atmosphere was in motion and the obtained variations are of predictive significance.From the perspective of the experimental data obtained,the availability rate of extended sounding data after balloon explosion was approximately 72.1%.

关 键 词：探空 下降阶段 可用性分析 

分 类 号：P414.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]