不同坡位对荒漠草原植物群落特征的影响  

The Influence of Different Slope Positions on the Characteristics of Desert Grassland Plant Communities

作　　者：宁璐 要振宇 高天明[1] 穆文奎 达古拉 张增宝 刘心宇 赵天启 刘静[1] 杨振奇 Ning Lu;Yao Zhenyu;Gao Tianming;Mu Wenkui;Da Gula;Zhang Zengbao;Liu Xinyu;Zhao Tianqi;Liu Jing;Yang Zhenqi(Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,P.R.China;Hohhot Meteorological Bureau;Ordos Water Conservancy Development Center)

机构地区：[1]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [2]呼和浩特市气象局 [3]鄂尔多斯市水利事业发展中心

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第1期15-22,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：荒漠草原区种养结合农牧循环生态绿色低碳技术研发与推广项目(YF20232355)。

摘　　要：荒漠草原是草原生态系统重要的组成部分,也是草原区向荒漠区过渡地带,物种多样性和生产力较低,并且随着生态环境的恶化,荒漠草原荒漠化程度不断加剧,对植物的生长及群落分布产生重要影响。为了解不同坡位对荒漠草原植被群落结构特征的影响,以希拉穆仁荒漠草原作为研究区,在无人为干扰活动的荒漠草原围封区内,选择坡度25°的3块长方形样地(300 m×100 m),分别在3块长方形样地的坡上、坡中、坡下分别设置1 m×1 m的样方,调查记录每个样方内植被的种名(科、属、种)、植被的高度、密度等,通过野外调查数据,分析不同坡位对荒漠草原植物群落区系特征和结构特征的影响。结果表明:野外调查共统计植物39种,隶属22科33属;生活型以多年生草本为主,总计34种,占物种总数的87.18%;水分生态类型以旱生植物为主,总计27种,占物种总数的69.23%;地理成分以东古北极分布种为主,总计17种,占物种总数的43.58%。受坡位的影响,植被盖度、建群种高度、群落生产力、Shannon-Wienner指数和Simpson指数由大到小的顺序均为坡下、坡中、坡上,Pielou指数由大到小的顺序为坡上、坡中、坡下。The desert grassland is an important component of the grassland ecosystem and serves as a transitional zone between grassland and desert areas. It is characterized by lower species diversity and productivity. With the deterioration of the ecological environment, the desertification of desert grasslands is intensifying, which significantly impacts plant growth and community distribution. To understand the impact of different slope positions on the structural characteristics of desert grassland vegetation communities, we selected the Xilamuren Desert Grassland as the study area. Within an area of desert grassland protected from human disturbances, we established three rectangular plots (300 m×100 m), with a slope of 25°. For each plot, we set up 1 m×1 m quadrats at the upper, middle, and lower slope positions. In each quadrat, we recorded the species names (family, genus, species), vegetation height, density, and other relevant data. Using field survey data, we analyzed the effects of different slope positions on the community characteristics and structural features of desert grassland plants. The results showed that a total of 39 plant species were recorded, belonging to 22 families and 33 genera. Perennial herbs predominated among life forms, accounting for 34 species, or 87.18% of the total species count. Xerophytic plants were the dominant moisture ecological type, with a total of 27 species, making up 69.23% of the total species. Geographically, the predominant component was species of the Eastern Palearctic, totaling 17 species, or 43.58% of the total species count. Influenced by slope position, the order of vegetation coverage, dominant species height, community productivity, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index was as follows: lower slope>middle slope>upper slope. In contrast, the Pielou index showed the following order: upper slope>middle slope>lower slope.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 坡位 植物群落区系 植物群落特征 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]