大兴安岭森林可燃物燃烧危险性评估  

Risk Assessment of Forest Fuels Combustion in the Greater Khingan Rang

作　　者：蔡志勇 孙龙[1] 孙家宝 Cai Zhiyong;Sun Long(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China;Heilongjiang Forest Protection Research Institute)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省森林保护研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第1期73-78,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3006800);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA20C013);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2021-2-C029)。

摘　　要：评估森林可燃物燃烧危险性,有助于客观认识森林火灾风险水平,从而制定相应防火和灭火措施,为开展森林火灾防治和应急管理工作提供决策依据。以黑龙江省大兴安岭林区为研究区,利用“森林火灾风险普查”3 300块标准样地调查数据,通过森林可燃物燃烧试验,对潜在初始火强度、灌木层连续性和易燃树种密度等指标进行等级划分,量化森林可燃物的燃烧性和空间分布的连续性,判断潜在林火强度大小和易发林火种类,评估森林可燃物燃烧危险性等级。结果表明:(1)黑龙江省大兴安岭林区森林可燃物燃烧危险性等级分为4个等级,即高危险性等级、中高危险性等级、中低危险性等级、低危险性等级;(2)大兴安岭林区从北纬50°~53°30′,从低纬度到高纬度标准地森林火灾高危险性等级比例依次为0.02、0.02、0.02、0.05、0.07、0.10、0.08,低危险性等级比例依次为0.50、0.48、0.41、0.36、0.34、0.30、0.29。Assessing the combustion hazard of forest fuels is essential for objectively understanding the risk level of forest fires, which aids in formulating appropriate prevention and suppression measures, thereby providing a decision-making basis for forest fire prevention and emergency management. This study focuses on the Greater Khingan Range in Heilongjiang Province, utilizing data from 3 300 standard sample plots derived from the ‘Forest Fire Risk Survey’. Through forest fuel combustion experiments, indicators such as potential initial fire intensity, shrub layer continuity, and the density of flammable tree species were categorized into different levels, allowing for the quantification of the combustibility and spatial distribution continuity of forest fuels. This evaluation aimed to determine the potential intensity of forest fires and the types most likely to occur, ultimately assessing the combustion hazard level of forest fuels. The results showed that: (1) the combustion hazard levels of forest fuels in the Greater Khingan Range are categorized into four levels: high hazard level, medium-high hazard level, medium-low hazard level, and low hazard level. (2) Within the Greater Khingan Range, from 50°N to 53°30′N, the proportions of high hazard levels for forest fires in standard sample plots increase from low to high latitude as follows: 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.08, while the proportions of low hazard levels are as follows: 0.50, 0.48, 0.41, 0.36, 0.34, 0.30, 0.29.

关 键 词：森林火灾 风险评估 林火强度 林火蔓延速度 林火种类 

分 类 号：S762.2[农业科学—森林保护学]