季节性淹水对长江滩地杨树林土壤理化性质和酶活性及微生物群落的影响  

The Impact of Seasonal Flooding on the Physicochemical Properties, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Communities of Populus Forest Soil in the Yangtze River Floodplain

作　　者：苗婷婷[1] 吴中能[1] 刘俊龙[1] 丁昌俊[2] 曹志华[1] 孙慧 闫彩霞 杨传宝 Miao Tingting;Wu Zhongneng;Liu Junlong;Ding Changjun;Cao Zhihua;Sun Hui;Yan Caixia;Yang Chuanbao(Anhui Academy of Forestry,Hefei 230088,P.R.China;Forestry research institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry;Forest Chief System Office,Daguan District,Anqing)

机构地区：[1]安徽省林业科学研究院,合肥230088 [2]中国林科院林业研究所 [3]安庆大观区林长制办公室

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2025年第1期134-146,共13页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2201201);2023年中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(皖[2023]TG08号)。

摘　　要：为了探明季节性淹水对林分地力的影响,以安徽沿江地区滩地杨树林土壤为研究对象,对季节性淹水前后,土壤(0<深度(h)≤60 cm)的养分质量分数、物理性质及酶活性进行测定;采用高通量测序技术对土壤微生物群落组成、多样性、空间结构及功能类群等进行测定,分析环境因子与土壤微生物群落的相互作用及其潜在关系。结果表明:季节性淹水后,滩地杨树林土壤0<h≤60 cm土层的pH显著升高;除全磷、速效钾、水解氮养分外,其他养分质量分数均极显著降低;田间持水量极显著增加;土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性均有所下降,其中酸性磷酸酶活性降幅达99.68%;过氧化氢酶活性总体上升。季节性淹水改变了土壤细菌、真菌优势菌群的相对丰度,未显著提高微生物群落的丰富性和多样性,但改变了土壤真菌群落多样性在各土层间的变化趋势。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和相似性分析(ANOSIM)发现,淹水前的细菌群落结构与淹水后具有显著差异;淹水前的真菌群落结构与淹水后具有极显著差异;且淹水后各土层间的细菌、真菌群落均呈显著差异。功能预测结果表明:土壤细菌生态功能以化能异养、好氧化能异养、硝化作用、氨氧化作用功能类群为主,季节性淹水后,土壤40 cm<h≤60 cm土层中,细菌群落的亚硝酸盐呼吸、硝化、亚硝态氮反硝化功能较为丰富。土壤真菌群落主要功能在淹水后,由病理-腐生-共生过渡型(33.13%)向病理营养型(20.74%)转变。淹水前后,土壤0<h≤20 cm土层真菌群落的植物病原菌相对丰度差异显著。冗余分析和相关性分析结果表明:pH、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、水解氮、全钾是影响微生物群落的主要环境因子。In order to investigate the impact of seasonal flooding on soil fertility in forest stands, this study focused on the soil of Populus forests in the floodplains of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. We measured the nutrient mass fractions, physical properties, and enzyme activity of the soil (0<depth ( h )≤60 cm) before and after seasonal flooding. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze the microbial community composition, diversity, spatial structure, and functional groups of the soil, as well as to evaluate the interactions and potential relationships between environmental factors and soil microbial communities. The results showed that: After seasonal flooding, the pH of the soil in the 0< h ≤60 cm layer of the Populus forest significantly increased, except for total phosphorus, available potassium, and hydrolyzed nitrogen, the mass fractions of other nutrients significantly decreased. The field water-holding capacity significantly increased, while the activities of soil urease and acid phosphatase decreased, with acid phosphatase showing a reduction of 99.68%. Overall, the activity of catalase increased. Seasonal flooding altered the relative abundance of dominant bacterial and fungal communities in the soil, but did not significantly enhance microbial richness and diversity. However, it did change the trend of fungal community diversity among different soil layers. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed significant differences in bacterial community structure before and after flooding, and highly significant differences in fungal community structure, with notable variability among microbial communities across different soil layers post-flooding. Functional prediction results suggested that the ecological functions of soil bacteria were primarily related to chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, nitrification, and aerobic ammonia oxidation functional groups. Following seasonal flooding, the 40 cm< h ≤60 cm soil layer exhibit

关 键 词：季节性淹水 杨树人工林 地力维护 土壤理化性质 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S718.8[农业科学—林学]