祁连山地区多民族文化的交融共生研究——以“吃人婆”型故事为中心  

Research on the Integration and Symbiosis of Multi-ethnic Cultures in Qilian Mountains——Centering on a“Man-eating Witch”Folktales

作　　者：贺卫光[1] 扈永辰 He Weiguang;Hu Yongchen(School of Community for the Chinese Nation,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China;Faculty of Chinese Languages and Literature,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学中华民族共同体学院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]西北民族大学中国语言文学学部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期35-46,共12页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“从农耕民族与游牧民族的关系看中华民族多元一体格局形成的内在机制”(项目编号:23XMZ049);甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目“河西走廊地区多民族民间传说交融一体性实证研究”(项目编号:2023YB073);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“西北地区多民族民间文学中的中华文化符号整理与研究”(项目编号:31920220139)。

摘　　要：祁连山地区是中国几大文化类型交融共生的重要场域。运用故事形态学方法,对祁连山地区各民族流传的25个“吃人婆”型故事进行文本分析,发现该地区各民族“吃人婆”型故事均属于中国“狼外婆”故事类型且具有明显的共同性特征。流传于祁连山地区各民族神话传说中的角色,具有形象和行为上的共性特征,这些特征符合吃人婆故事的角色功能设定,均被纳入到“吃人婆”型故事中。基于各民族情感、心理、信仰等文化内涵的互通性,各民族“吃人婆”故事中表征出共同的文化象征和隐喻。研究该地区“吃人婆”型故事中蕴含的各民族共同传承、交融、共享的文化质素,对于增进中华文化认同,构筑中华民族共有精神家园具有重要意义。The Qilian Mountain area is an important field where several major cultural types in China integrate and interconnect.Through textual analysis of 25“man-eating witch”folktales circulated among various ethnic groups in the Qilian Mountain area by using the morphological method of folktales,we find that the“man-eating witch”folktales have obvious common characteristics,and all belong to the type of Chinese“wolf grandma”folktales.The characters in the myths and legends of various ethnic groups in the Qilian Mountains have the common characteristics of image and behavior,and these characteristics are in line with the role function setting of the man-eating witch folktales,and are included in the type of“man-eating witch”folktales.Based on the interconnectivity of cultural connotations such as emotions,psychology and beliefs of various ethnic groups,the“man-eating witch”folktales of various ethnic groups represent common cultural symbolism and metaphor.It is of great significance to study the cultural qualities of common inheritance,integration and sharing of various ethnic groups embodied in the“man-eating witch”folktales in this region so as to enhance the Chinese cultural identity and build the common spiritual home of the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：共同性 “吃人婆”型故事 狼外婆 文化认同 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学]