阴谋论多个变体的联系与区分  

Associations and Distinctions of Multiple Variants of Conspiracy Theories

作　　者：茆家焱 曾昭携 田彩玉 杨沈龙 周昊辰 郭永玉 Mao Jiayan;Zeng Zhaoxie;Tian Caiyu;Yang Shenlong;Zhou Haochen;Guo Yongyu(Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology,VU Amsterdam,Amsterdam,1081BT;School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097;Institute of Social Psychology,School of Humanities and Social Science,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an,710049;Research School of Psychology,Australian National University,Canberra,2600)

机构地区：[1]荷兰阿姆斯特丹自由大学实验与应用心理学系,阿姆斯特丹1081BT [2]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [3]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院社会心理学研究所,西安710049 [4]澳大利亚国立大学心理学研究院,堪培拉2600

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第6期1392-1399,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：中国国家留学基金委(202006860004)的资助。

摘　　要：以往心理学研究中所出现或测量的“阴谋论”并不统一,导致“阴谋论”这一核心概念出现了多个变体。早期的心理学研究者倾向于将阴谋论解释为一种同质现象,并在实际研究中将其概念化为“阴谋心态”进行测量。然而,近年来,研究者们逐渐放弃研究这种“稳定”的阴谋心态,转而考察与真实事件内容相关的具体“阴谋信念”。结合最新的研究实践,同时参考阴谋论的存在威胁模型、阴谋论的进化功能理论和社会认同等理论,从群际视角出发可以将“具体阴谋信念”再次划分为内、外群体阴谋信念这两个新的“阴谋论”变体。The"conspiracy theories"that have appeared or been measured in previous psychological studies are not uniform.Goertzel(1994)conducted the first quantitative study of belief in conspiracy theories from a psychological perspective.Since then,conspiracy theories have often been interpreted as a homogeneous phenomenon,and are often conceptualized as a"mentality"or a stable personal tendency to"believe that conspiracies will happen".In recent years,more and more researchers have shifted their focus from a"stable"conspiracy mentality to beliefs in specific conspiracy theories.They have often investigated specific conspiracy beliefs regarding the content of events in society in the context of real events that have occurred.However,general conspiracy mentality and specific conspiracy beliefs are often conflated as the two most central variants of conspiracy theory in empirical research in psychology.Therefore,this paper first makes a detailed theoretical analysis of these two variants of conspiracy theories.General conspiracy mentality refers to a psychological tendency that individuals prefer to attribute significant events to conspiracy theories,rather than to specific events.Specific conspiracy beliefs(or beliefs in conspiracy theories)refer to the belief that a specific significant(particularly negative)social event is the result of the covert actions of some powerful secret groups.In our current work,we summarize four similarities and five major differences between the two.In particular,we tease apart different previous measures of general conspiracy mentality and specific conspiracy beliefs.Most importantly,we believe that belief in specific conspiracy theories may depend on both the general conspiracy mentality and the context of the event.It is inappropriate to homogenize various specific conspiracy beliefs into a unidimensional mentality.Therefore,it is necessary to distinguish between general conspiracy mentality and specific conspiracy beliefs.It has become an important trend in current conspiracy psychology r

关 键 词：阴谋心态 阴谋信念 群际视角 社会认同 存在威胁 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]