农业经营体制改革推动农业新质生产力发展的机理、问题与路径  

Mechanisms,Issues,and Pathways of Agricultural Operating System Reform in Promoting the Development of New Quality Productive Forces in Agriculture

作　　者：黄威威 郎美琪 HUANG Weiwei;LANG Meiqi(South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China;Liao Ning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510642 [2]辽宁石油化工大学马克思主义学院,辽宁抚顺113001

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期10-18,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(22BDJ096)。

摘　　要：农业新质生产力是应用于农业领域的先进生产力质态,可以推动农业生产方式根本性转变。农业经营体制改革通过发展农业新质劳动者、农业新质劳动资料、农业新质劳动对象及其优化组合来构建起有助于农业新质生产力发展的新型生产关系,即集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新型农业经营体系,是推动农业新质生产力发展的重要动力。经过多年实践探索,我国农业经营体制改革取得一定成效,大大提高了农业生产效率,但仍存在小农户分散经营制度导致劳动力结构失衡、土地家庭承包经营制度造成土地细碎化、多元经营制度尚未完全建立、集体统一经营制度“统”的功能失调等农业新质生产力形成与发展的制约因素。因此,必须通过进一步深化农业经营体制改革,优化小农户农业经营体制机制、完善农村土地制度、加强新型农业经营主体的培育监管机制、改良集体统一经营体制机制来推动新时代农业新质生产力高质量发展,实现农业农村现代化。New quality productive forces in agriculture represent an advanced state of productive forces applicable to the agricultural sector,capable of driving fundamental changes in agricultural production methods.Agricultural operating system reform constructs a new type of production relationship conducive to the development of new quality productive forces by fostering new quality agricultural laborers,new quality labor materials,new quality labor objects,and their optimized combinations.This new agricultural operating system integrates intensification,specialization,organization,and socialization,serving as a vital driving force for the development of new quality productive forces in agriculture.After years of practical exploration,China’s agricultural operating system reform has achieved significant results,greatly improving agricultural production efficiency.However,challenges remain,including the imbalance in labor structure caused by the fragmented management of smallholder farms,land fragmentation due to the household contract management system,the incomplete establishment of diversified management systems,and the dysfunction of the collective unified management system.These factors constrain the formation and development of new quality productive forces in agriculture.Therefore,it is essential to further deepen agricultural operating system reform by optimizing the mechanisms for smallholder agricultural management,improving rural land systems,strengthening the cultivation and regulatory mechanisms for new agricultural management entities,and reforming the collective unified management system to promote the high-quality development of new quality productive forces in agriculture and achieve agricultural and rural modernization.

关 键 词：农业经营体制 新质生产力 新型生产关系 全面深化改革 农业现代化 

分 类 号：S-9[农业科学]