煤基固废在采煤沉陷区回填利用现状及相关研究探讨  

Current situation and related research exploration of backfilling and utilization of coal-based solid waste in coal mining subsidence areas

作　　者：原志敏 卓锦德 董阳 林德海 YUAN Zhimin;JOW Jinder;DONG Yang;LIN Dehai(National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy,Changping,Beijing 102209,China;China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]北京低碳清洁能源研究院,北京市昌平区102209 [2]中国矿业大学,江苏省徐州市221116

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2024年第11期133-141,共9页China Coal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“大型煤电化基地固废规模化利用成套技术及集成示范”(2019YFC1904300);国家能源投资集团有限责任公司科技创新项目(GJNY-23-31-1)。

摘　　要：将煤矸石、粉煤灰等煤基固废应用于采煤沉陷区回填可协同推进固废利用和沉陷区生态修复,系统地梳理了我国煤基固废资源化利用和采煤沉陷区生态修复等领域的政策、标准发布情况,并盘点了国内知名高校在上述领域的研究方向及成果。进一步探讨了煤基固废在采煤沉陷区回填利用过程中存在的潜在问题并概述了相应的解决思路,针对表土层污染问题,解决思路包括减少物料中重金属总量、降低回填物料中重金属迁移性、构建阻隔层、降低表土层重金属有效性等;针对表土资源缺失或质量低下的问题,解决思路包括利用固废制备人工土、利用固废改良土壤、土壤剖面重构等;针对回填区沉降问题,解决思路包括地表沉降预测、沉降控制等。The application of coal-based solid waste such as coal gangue and fly ash in backfilling of coal mining subsidence areas can synergistically promote the utilization of solid waste and ecological restoration of subsidence areas.The policies and standards released in the fields of coal-based solid waste utilization and ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence areas in China were systematically sorted out,and the research directions and achievements of well-known domestic universities in these areas were reviewed.Furthermore,the potential problems existing in the backfilling utilization of coal-based solid waste in coal mining subsidence areas and their corresponding solutions were systematically explored:to address the problem of surface soil pollution,solutions included reducing the total amount or the mobility of heavy metals in materials,constructing barrier layers,and reducing the effectiveness of heavy metals in surface soil layers;regarding the lack or low quality of topsoil resources,solutions included using solid waste to prepare artificial soil or to improve soil quality,and reconstructing soil profiles;for the subsidence in the backfill area,solutions included surface subsidence prediction and subsidence control.

关 键 词：煤基固废 采煤沉陷区 回填利用 地表沉降 

分 类 号：TQ536.4[化学工程—煤化学工程] X75[环境科学与工程—环境工程]