规模化猪场废水中主要抗生素、抗生素抗性基因检测和细菌群落分析  

Detection of Major Antibiotics,Antibiotic Resistance Genes,and Bacterial Community Analysis in Wastewater from Large-Scale Pig Farms

作　　者：刘锐[1] 樊国良 郁辉[1] 赵海云[1] LIU Rui;FAN Guoliang;YU Hui;ZHAO Haiyun(Modern Agricultural College,Jiaxing Vocational Technical College,Jiaxing 314036,China;Agricultural and Rural Office of Wangdian Town,Jiaxing 314008,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴职业技术学院现代农业学院,浙江嘉兴314036 [2]嘉兴市秀洲区王店镇农业农村办公室,浙江嘉兴314008

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第12期11-19,共9页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：嘉兴市科技特派员专项项目(K2022C005);嘉兴市科技计划项目(2023AY11017);海盐县科技计划项目(2022 ND02)。

摘　　要：为了探究浙江省嘉兴市规模化猪场废水处理设施对抗生素、抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的降解效果和对细菌群落的影响。本试验对嘉兴市10家规模化猪场废水处理前后,磺胺类和四环素类抗生素及其主要ARGs含量进行了检测,并探究了废水处理前后细菌群落变化情况。结果显示,嘉兴市规模化猪场废水处理工艺可以有效降低磺胺类和四环素类抗生素含量以及ARGs绝对含量,但无法有效降低ARGs相对丰度;上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)+序批式活性污泥(SBR)工艺处理抗生素残留效果最佳,但无法有效降低所有ARGs相对丰度,而UASB+A^(2)/O生化处理工艺和膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺对降低ARGs污染有一定效果;变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是嘉兴市规模化猪场废水原水样品中优势菌群,变形菌门在出水样品中占绝对优势。本试验结果可以为嘉兴市全面评估规模化猪场养殖生态环境质量提供数据支持,并为降低嘉兴市规模化猪场废水中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因污染提供技术参考。To investigate the effectiveness of wastewater treatment facilities in large-scale pig farms in Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province,on the degradation of antibiotics,antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),and their impact on bacterial communities,this study examined the content of sulfonamides,tetracyclines,and their major ARGs before and after wastewater treatment in ten large-scale pig farms in Jiaxing.Additionally,the changes in bacterial communities before and after wastewater treatment were explored.The results showed that the wastewater treatment processes in Jiaxing effectively reduced the absolute content of sulfonamides,tetracyclines,and ARGs but did not significantly lower the relative abundance of ARGs.The Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed(UASB)+Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR)process demonstrated the best performance in reducing antibiotic residues but was less effective at decreasing the relative abundance of all ARGs.The UASB+A^(2)/O biochemical treatment process and Membrane Bioreactor(MBR)process also had some effect on reducing ARGs pollution.The predominant bacterial phyla in the raw wastewater samples from Jiaxing's large-scale pig farms were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes,with Proteobacteria being the dominant phylum in the effluent samples.The findings provide data support for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological environment quality of large-scale pig farming in Jiaxing and offer technical references for reducing antibiotic and ARGs pollution in wastewater from these farms.

关 键 词：规模化猪场废水 抗生素 抗生素抗性基因 细菌群落 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S858.28[农业科学—临床兽医学]