OCAA两相泡沫除尘剂制备及关键性能参数研究  

Preparation and Key Performance Parameter Study of OCAA Biphasic Foam Dust Suppressant

作　　者：张鑫 李奇繁 张童 胡胜勇 张玉龙 尹海 杨建敏 张宇 ZHANG Xin;LI Qifan;ZHANG Tong;HU Shengyong;ZHANG Yulong;YIN Hai;YANG Jianmin;ZHANG Yu(Huangyanhui Coal Mine,Xiyang Energy Co.,Ltd.of China National Coal Group Corporation,Jinzhong 045300,China;College of Safety and Emergency Management Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤昔阳能源有限公司黄岩汇煤矿,山西晋中045300 [2]太原理工大学安全与应急管理工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《金属矿山》2024年第11期236-244,共9页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划政府间重点专项(编号:2023YFE0103400);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(编号:YDZJSX20231C005)。

摘　　要：矿井机械化和智能化水平的提升使得矿山粉尘污染问题日益突出,泡沫降尘由于操作简单、除尘效率高被广泛应用于井下粉尘治理。起泡性能、稳定性能和湿润性能是制约泡沫除尘剂作用效果的关键参数。提出并制备了一种综合性能强的新型泡沫除尘剂OCAA,并对其性能参数和除尘机制进行了研究。首先对13种典型的表面活性剂单体及其复配体的起泡性能和稳定性能进行测试,优选性能最佳的表面活性剂单体和复配体。其次选取不同性能的稳泡剂对复配体系的稳泡性能进行改善研究,确定复配体系中稳泡性能最佳的稳泡剂,并制备得到CAA溶液。最后通过润湿剂对CAA溶液的润湿性能进行提升,通过对比不同润湿剂的作用效果,确定了湿润剂成分为璜基琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐(OT-45),并制备得到了OCAA两相除尘泡沫除尘剂。研究结果表明:当起泡剂成分脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、改性成分烷基糖苷(APG)、稳泡剂成分椰油酸甲基单乙醇酰胺(CMMEA)、湿润剂成分磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐(OT-45)质量比为5∶5∶3∶1时,OCAA降尘剂具有最佳的起泡性能、稳泡性能和湿润性能。利用红外光谱表征OCAA除尘剂的微观结构,研究了降尘剂作用前后煤体表面亲水官能团和疏水官能团变化规律,并结合OCAA两相除尘泡沫除尘剂分子结构和分子之间的作用,揭示了OCAA除尘剂与粉尘颗粒相互结合机理,从而得出煤分子表面亲水性增加的原因。研究结果进一步反映出OCAA降尘剂可以改善粉尘表面官能团分布,增加表面亲水官能团数量,降低疏水官能团数量,从而提升其湿润性能。The increased levels of mechanization and intelligence in mining have led to a growing prominence of dust pollution issues in mines.Foam dust suppression,widely adopted for its simplicity and high dust removal efficiency,is extensively applied in underground dust management.Foaming performance,stability performance,and wetting performance are key performance parameters that determine the effectiveness of foam dust suppressants.This study proposes and prepares a novel foam dust suppressant,OCAA,with strong comprehensive performance,and conducts research on its performance parameters and dust removal mechanism.Firstly,the foaming and stability performances of 13 typical surfactant monomers and their combinations were tested,and the monomer and combination with the best performance were selected.Then,three different foam stabilizers were chosen to improve the foam stability of the selected combination,determining the best foam stabilizer in the combination and preparing a CAA solution.Subsequently,the wetting performance of the CAA solution was enhanced using a wetting agent,and by comparing the effectiveness of different wetting agents,the wetting agent component was determined as OT-45,resulting in the preparation of the OCAA biphasic foam dust suppressant.The study results indicate that when the ratio of AES∶modified APG∶CMMEA∶OT-45 is 5∶5∶3∶1,OCAA dust suppressant exhibits the best foaming performance,foam stability,and wetting performance.The microstructure of the OCAA dust suppressant was characterized by infrared spectroscopy.The variation patterns of hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups on the coal surface before and after the action of the dust suppressant were investigated.By combining the molecular structure of the OCAA two-phase dust suppressant foam and the interaction between coal molecules,the mutual combination mechanism of the OCAA dust suppressant and dust particles was revealed,thereby obtaining the reason for the increased hydrophilicity of the coal molecule surface.The study

关 键 词：矿井粉尘防控 表面活性剂 两相泡沫 复配体 湿润性能 除尘机理 

分 类 号：TD714[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]