单颗粒物料冲击破碎特性及能耗试验研究  

Experimental Study on Impact Crushing Characteristics and Energy Consumption of Single Particle Material

作　　者：李松 赵丽梅[1] 吴灿辉 LI Song;ZHAO Limei;WU Canhui(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《黄金科学技术》2024年第6期1068-1076,共9页Gold Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“面向产品粒度分布控制的冲击式破碎机的破碎机理及其性能研究”(编号:52065007)资助。

摘　　要：为探究破碎参数对物料颗粒冲击破碎特性和能耗的影响,从而揭示冲击式破碎机的破碎机理,提出了一种基于主动冲击破碎试验方法。通过开展主动冲击条件下的冲击破碎试验,分析了石灰石颗粒的破碎模式,以及在不同冲击速度和初始颗粒尺寸条件下的破碎程度、成砂率和单位成品砂能耗。研究结果表明:随着冲击速度的增加,石灰石颗粒冲击碰撞时产生的裂纹数量增多,破碎后的碎粒变细;冲击速度对破碎产物平均粒径具有极显著的影响,随着冲击速度的增加以及颗粒尺寸的减小,平均粒径数值逐渐减小,当冲击速度为22.4~34.0 m/s,颗粒尺寸为22~25 mm时,平均粒径降幅最大;随着冲击速度的不断增加,成砂率的增长幅度减缓,当冲击速度超过55.0 m/s时,单位成品砂能耗快速增加,综合考虑成砂率和单位成品砂能耗,冲击速度为55.0 m/s左右时,石灰石颗粒冲击效果最优。The process of material particle fragmentation in impact crushers is inherently complex,posing challenges in quantifying and characterizing particle crushing behavior.This study aims to investigate the influence of crushing parameters on the impact crushing characteristics and energy consumption of material particles,thereby elucidating the underlying crushing mechanisms of impact crushers.An analytical method grounded in an active impact crushing experiment was proposed to examine the crushing characteristics of material particles.Firstly,to address the discrepancy between passive impact experiments,which are commonly employed,and the active impact crushing behavior of materials in impact crushers,this study involves the design and development of an active impact crushing experimental apparatus powered by compressed air.This device is intended to investigate the impact crushing behavior of material particles under active impact conditions.Subsequently,impact crushing experiments were conducted utilizing limestone particles of varying initial sizes as test subjects.These experiments were performed under different impact velocities to analyze the crushing patterns of the limestone particles,the degree of fragmentation,the sand formation rate,and the specific energy consumption per unit of produced sand.The findings indicate that an increase in impact velocity leads to the formation of a greater number of cracks upon impact,thereby resulting in finer fragmented particles.The impact velocity exerts a substantial influence on the average particle size of the crushed product.As the impact velocity increases,there is a corresponding reduction in particle size,leading to a gradual decrease in the average particle size.The most pronounced reduction is observed within the velocity range of 22.4 m/s to 34.0 m/s and particle size range of 22 mm to 25 mm.Beyond this range,as the impact velocity continues to rise,the rate of sand formation deceleration becomes evident.Notably,when the impact velocity exceeds 55.0 m/s,there is

关 键 词：冲击破碎 冲击速度 破碎程度 成砂率 能耗 石灰石 

分 类 号：TD451[矿业工程—矿山机电]