《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019)执行情况调查  

Investigation on the implementation of the Hygienic Indicators and Limits for Public Places(GB 37488-2019)

作　　者：葛覃兮[1] 邵冉起 李峰 姚孝元[1] 王先良[1] 苏丽琴[1] GE Tan-xi;SHAO Ran-qi;LI Feng;YAO Xiao-yuan;WANG Xian-liang;SU Li-qin(National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2024年第12期1006-1011,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：国家标准化管理委员会强制性国家标准实施情况评估(2023年)。

摘　　要：目的调查《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019)(以下简称“《标准》”)实施效果。方法围绕《标准》的执行情况、适用性、协调性等内容,采用简单随机抽样的方法,对我国东南西北中8个省份中28个地级市的371家卫生监督机构、261家疾控机构及71家第三方检测机构中针对从事公共场所执法、监测或检测的专业人员和社会公众,通过电子问卷的方式开展《标准》实施效果及建议调查。结果调查了703家机构中2696名专业人员,回收3404份问卷(其中708份为社会公众问卷)。分别有35.58%(375/1054)的疾控机构人员和24.61%(345/1402)的卫生监督人员还没有参加过相关培训。在公共场所卫生日常监督执法过程中,有81.10%(1137/1402)的监督机构参照《标准》所有要求进行监测;有2.35%(33/1402)的监督机构不参照该《标准》进行评价。卫生监督、疾控及第三方检测机构分别有1.57%(22/1402)、0.57%(6/1054)及1.25%(3/240)的人认为《标准》的适用范围与公共场所或当前产业发展水平“不匹配”;分别有1.07%(15/1402)、1.90%(20/1054)及1.25%(3/240)的人认为《标准》中指标检测有值得推荐的新技术、新方法;分别有2.14%(30/1402)、2.75%(29/1054)及2.50%(6/240)的人认为《标准》技术指标存在覆盖不全面的情况。《室内空气质量标准》(GB/T 18883-2022)在《标准》的基础上调整缩紧了“甲醛、苯、氡”等3项指标的限值要求。《标准》中没有包括细颗粒物限值要求及检验方法。专业技术人员不足是当前卫生监督、疾控及第三方检测机构遇到的主要困难。结论《标准》的实施取得了良好的经济、社会及生态效益,但其中部分条款需要修订以更好地适用于工作实践。Objective To investigate the implementation effect of the Hygienic Indicators and Limits for Public Places(GB 37488-2019)(hereinafter referred to as the Standard).Methods Focusing on the implementation,applicability,and coordination of the Standard,the simple random sampling method was adopted on the professionals and the public engaged in law enforcement,monitoring or testing in public places among 371 health supervision agencies,261 disease control agencies,and 71 third-party testing institutions in 28 prefecture-level cities in 8 provinces in eastern,southern,western,northern,and central China.The implementation effect of and suggestions on the Standard were investigated by means of electronic questionnaire.Results A total of 2696 professionals from 703 institutions were surveyed,and 3404 questionnaires were collected(708 of which were from the public).There were 35.58%(375/1054)of personnel in the disease control agencies and 24.61%(345/1402)of health surveillance staff not participating in the relevant training.In the process of daily health supervision and law enforcement in public places,81.10%(1137/1402)of the supervison agencies carried out monitoring with reference to all requirements of the Standard;2.35%(33/1402)of the supervision agencies did not evaluate against the Standard.In health supervision agencies,disease control agencies,and third-party testing institutions,1.57%(22/1402),0.57%(6/1054),and 1.25%(3/240)of the respondents considered that the scope of application of the Standard was“not matching”with public places or the current level of industrial development,respectively;1.07%(15/1402),1.90%(20/1054),and 1.25%(3/240)of the respondents considered that there were new technologies and methods worth recommending in indicator detection in the Standard,respectively;2.14%(30/1402),2.75%(29/1054),and 2.50%(6/240)of the respondents considered that the technical indicators in the Standard were not comprehensive,respectively.The standard for Indoor Air Quality(GB/T 18883-2022)adjusts and tightens t

关 键 词：公共场所 指标 限值 实施效果 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]