“双减”背景下工作特征、工作家庭平衡与教师职业满意度的关系研究  

Study on the Relationship between Work Characteristics,Work Family Balance and Teachers’Job Satisfaction under the Background of“Double Reduction”Policy

作　　者：丁百仁[1] 汪姿廷 范智博 DING Bai-ren;WANG Zi-ting;FAN Zhi-bo(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing,211100)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,南京211100

出　　处：《中国劳动》2024年第4期64-81,共18页China Labor

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“教育‘双减’政策下的家庭策略与优化路径研究”,项目批准号:22CSH087。

摘　　要：教师是落实“双减”的主力军,他们的职业满意度在很大程度上决定“双减”成效。本研究在JD-R理论指导下,利用2022年“江苏省中小学教师工作与生活状况调查”数据,探讨“双减”背景下教师工作特征对职业满意度的影响,发现:教师工作特征具有一定不对称性,工作要求多于工作资源,工作家庭平衡和职业满意度也不太理想,且在“双减”试点区更凸显。工作特征对教师职业满意度的影响十分稳健,它不仅直接对教师职业满意度带来“双刃效应”,表现为工作要求的“损耗效应”和工作资源的“增益效应”,还通过调节工作家庭平衡对教师职业满意度产生间接影响。此外,教师工作特征结构的优化对其职业满意度也不容忽视,尤以高工作要求-高工作资源者最佳。本研究拓展了JD-R理论在我国基础教育领域中的应用,丰富了“双减”背景下工作特征、工作家庭平衡与教师职业满意度之间的关系认知;研究结论为提高教师职业满意度,促进教师与学校组织的和谐共赢提供了有益指导。Teachers are the main force to implement the“double reduction”policy,and their job satisfaction determines the“double reduction”policy effect.Under the guidance of JD-R theory,this study used data from the 2022"Jiangsu Province Primary and Secondary School Teacher Work and Life Status Survey"to explore the impact of teacher job characteristics on career satisfaction under the background of"double reduction"policy.It was found that teacher job characteristics have a certain degree of asymmetry,with more job requirements than job resources,and work family balance and career satisfaction are not ideal,especially in the"double reduction"pilot areas.The influence of work characteristics on teachers’job satisfaction is very steady.It not only brings a"double-edge effect"directly on teachers’job satisfaction,which is manifested as the"loss effect"of job demands and the"gain effect"of job resources,but also exerts an indirect influence on teachers’job satisfaction by adjusting work family balance.In addition,the optimization of the structure of teachers’work characteristics can not be ignored for their job satisfaction,especially those with high job demands and high job resources.This study expanded the application of JD-R theory in the field of basic education in China,and enriched the cognition of the relationship between work characteristics,work family balance and teachers’job satisfaction under the background of"double reduction"policy.The conclusion of this study provides useful guidance for improving teachers’job satisfaction and promoting harmonious and win-win cooperation between teachers and school organizations.

关 键 词：“双减”政策 工作特征 JD-R理论 工作家庭平衡 教师职业满意度 

分 类 号：F246[经济管理—劳动经济]