昆虫RNA m^(6)A甲基化修饰  

RNA m^(6)A methylation modification in insects

作　　者：王慧敏 周宇 武雅曦 杨美玲 WANG Hui-Min;ZHOU Yu;WU Ya-Xi;YANG Mei-Ling(College of Life Sciences,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2024年第11期1560-1571,共12页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32302349,32070505,32372536);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1400503)。

摘　　要：N^(6)-甲基腺苷(N^(6)-methyladenosine,m^(6)A)修饰是大多数真核生物mRNA和非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)上最丰富的内部修饰,通过影响RNA代谢参与多种生物学过程。m^(6)A修饰自1974年首次被鉴定以来,至今已发现其能在转录后水平上调控RNA的可变剪接、翻译、出核、定位和稳定性等。关于昆虫RNA m^(6)A甲基化修饰研究也屡见不鲜,但缺乏系统全面综述。本文综述了m^(6)A修饰元件的调控机制以及检测技术,总结了m^(6)A修饰在昆虫的神经发育和功能、生长发育、表型可塑性、性别决定以及应激反应等多种重要生物学过程中的功能,分析了当前研究存在的局限与有待进一步探索的方面,最后对m^(6)A修饰在昆虫领域未来的研究方向和应用做出展望。研究昆虫m^(6)A修饰的作用机制和功能,不仅有助于培育经济性状良好、环境适应能力强和抗病害的经济型昆虫,也为植物抗病虫育种以及病虫害的有效控制提供科学依据。N^(6)-Methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification is the most abundant internal modification on eukaryotic mRNA and non-coding RNA(ncRNA),which is involved in many biological processes by influencing RNA metabolism.Since its discovery in 1974,m^(6)A modification has been reported to regulate alternative splicing,translation,nuclear export,localization and stability of RNA and so on at post-transcriptional levels.However,it is a lack about the systematic and comprehensive review on m^(6)A methylation modification of insect RNA.In this article,we reviewed the regulatory mechanisms of m^(6)A modification elements,the detecting techniques for studying m^(6)A modification,and the functions of m^(6)A modification in the important biological process of neural development and function,growth and development,phenotypic plasticity,sex determination and stress response in insects.In addition,we analyzed the shortcomings and limitations about the present research and proposed research areas in the future research directions and applications in insects to be further explored.Studying the mechanism and function of insect m^(6)A modification can not only contribute to the breeding of economic insects with good economic traits,environmental adaptability and disease resistance,but also provide a scientific basis for plant resistant breeding and effective control of pests and diseases.

关 键 词：昆虫 N^(6)-甲基腺苷 表观遗传修饰 检测技术 分子功能 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]