论我国备案审查的人权保障功能  

On the Human Rights Protection Function of China’s System of Recording and Review

作　　者：付子堂 尹铭育 Fu Zitang;Yin Mingyu

机构地区：[1]中国人权研究会 [2]西南政法大学人权研究院(人权学院) [3]西南政法大学行政法学院

出　　处：《人权研究》2024年第4期1-16,共16页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国共产党人权法治奋斗重大成就和历史经验研究”(项目号:23VRC078)。

摘　　要：法治是人权保障最有效的方式,备案审查作为具体的法治手段之一,是积极落实“国家尊重和保障人权”的题中应有之义。从理论逻辑来看,“人权入宪”是中国人权发展里程碑式承上启下的事件,也为备案审查的人权保障功能提供根本法的规范依据。从历史逻辑来看,人权保障功能是备案审查制度发展的结果,也是世界宪法监督制度发展的要求。从实践逻辑来看,备案审查案例作为落实“人权条款”的具体表征,在特殊性和普遍性两个方面都呈现出注重人权保障的图景。同时,“人权保障没有最好,只有更好”的科学要求作为备案审查不断提升人权保障功能水平的动力,不断呼唤通过加强备案审查人权保障功能研究以助力建构中国人权话语体系、完善备案审查人权保障功能的配套措施、加强被动审查的规范建构、优化备案审查指导案例公开制度、从制度上探索结果上的实质性人权保障等方式,助力备案审查人权保障功能迈上新台阶。The rule of law is the most eff ective way of safeguarding human rights.The system of recording and review,as one of the specifi c means of the rule of law,is an integral part of actively implementing the principle of“the State respects and preserves human rights”.From a theoretical perspective,the enshrinement of human rights into the Constitution marks a milestone in the development of human rights in China,providing a foundational legal basis for the human rights protection function of the system of recording and review.From a historical dimension,the evolution of this system has led to its human rights protection function,which also aligns with the global trend of developing constitutional oversight systems.From a practical standpoint,cases handled under the system of recording and review serve as concrete examples of implementing“human rights clauses”,highlighting a focus on human rights protection in both specifi c and general contexts.Additionally,the continuous drive to improve human rights protection within the system of recording and review is fueled by the scientifi c principle that“there is no best in human rights protection,only better”.This principle emphasizes the need to strengthen the research on the human rights protection function of the system,thereby contributing to the construction of China’s human rights discourse,the improvement of supporting measures for its human rights protection function,the reinforcement of the normative framework for passive review,the optimization of the disclosure system for guiding cases,and the exploration of institutional approaches to achieve the substantive human rights protection in outcomes,ultimately elevating the human rights protection function of the system of recording and review to a new level in the context of constitutional implementation.

关 键 词：人权保障 备案审查 “人权入宪” 宪法实施 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]