论工商业的人权义务与人权责任体系互构  

On the Mutual Construction of Human Rights Duty and Responsibility Systems of Business

作　　者：刘志强 黄昱昊 Liu Zhiqiang;Huang Yuhao

机构地区：[1]广州大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权研究》2024年第4期17-32,共16页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“人权领域法理论研究”(项目批准号:24JJD820002)。

摘　　要：企业的人权责任来源于自身具有的社会公权力,这是工商业与人权议题下企业承担人权责任的法理基础。工商业与人权三个支柱间,存在人权法理的三个互构体系。国家不履行保护人权的义务,则由“国家人权义务-责任体系”追究该国的国际责任。企业不尊重人权,则以“企业人权责任-义务体系”要求企业承担国内人权责任。补救受侵害的人权,则通过建构“国家企业共治-补救体系”得以实现。三个互构体系在逻辑上层层递进,在关系上正反互济,即国家是首位的、核心的义务主体,企业的人权责任必须通过国家间接施加;对侵害行为,则应经过国家和企业共治,确定二者承担的责任和义务以实现对侵害的救济。反过来则须以预防和补救为目的,迫使企业落实人权责任。若企业行为侵犯人权,且国家未能采取适当步骤防止、调查、惩治和补救侵犯行为,则国家可能违反人权保护义务。Corporate human rights responsibilities originate from their inherent social public power,which constitutes the legal basis for businesses to assume human rights responsibilities within the framework of the issue of business and human rights.Among the“three pillars”of business and human rights,there are three mutually constructed systems of human rights jurisprudence.When a state fails to fulfill its duty to protect human rights,it will be held internationally accountable through the“State Human Rights Duty-Responsibility System”.When a corporation fails to respect human rights,it is required to bear domestic human rights responsibilities through the“Corporate Human Rights Responsibility-Duty System”.The remediation of violated human rights is achieved by establishing a“State-Corporate Co-Governance-Remediation System”.These three mutually constructed systems logically progress step by step and complement each other in their relationships:The state is the primary and core duty bearer.The human rights responsibilities of corporations must be indirectly imposed by the state.For violations,the responsibilities and duties of both the state and corporation are determined through their co-governance to provide relief for the violations.Conversely,with the aim of prevention and remediation,corporations are compelled to fulfi ll their human rights responsibilities.If a corporation violates human rights and the state fails to take appropriate steps to prevent,investigate,punish and remedy such violations,the state may be deemed to have breached its duty to protect human rights.

关 键 词：工商业与人权 人权义务 人权责任 体系互构 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]